全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8346篇 |
免费 | 813篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 125篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
化学工业 | 2231篇 |
金属工艺 | 317篇 |
机械仪表 | 536篇 |
建筑科学 | 123篇 |
矿业工程 | 2篇 |
能源动力 | 403篇 |
轻工业 | 612篇 |
水利工程 | 22篇 |
石油天然气 | 5篇 |
武器工业 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 1487篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2056篇 |
冶金工业 | 404篇 |
原子能技术 | 135篇 |
自动化技术 | 709篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 96篇 |
2022年 | 113篇 |
2021年 | 241篇 |
2020年 | 193篇 |
2019年 | 247篇 |
2018年 | 270篇 |
2017年 | 329篇 |
2016年 | 340篇 |
2015年 | 303篇 |
2014年 | 432篇 |
2013年 | 552篇 |
2012年 | 641篇 |
2011年 | 776篇 |
2010年 | 465篇 |
2009年 | 544篇 |
2008年 | 419篇 |
2007年 | 348篇 |
2006年 | 274篇 |
2005年 | 253篇 |
2004年 | 238篇 |
2003年 | 268篇 |
2002年 | 220篇 |
2001年 | 190篇 |
2000年 | 178篇 |
1999年 | 148篇 |
1998年 | 173篇 |
1997年 | 128篇 |
1996年 | 108篇 |
1995年 | 82篇 |
1994年 | 76篇 |
1993年 | 61篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 38篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1944年 | 7篇 |
1943年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有9172条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
171.
Z. V. Djordjevic X. Feng Li Won Soo Shin S. L. Wunder G. R. Baran 《Journal of Materials Science》1995,30(11):2968-2980
The branching patterns formed as a result of crack growth in dimethacrylate resins below their glass transition temperatures looked similar to fractal trees. The skeletons of the patterns were analysed numerically for their topological and geometrical properties. The number of branches, N
i
, mean branch lengths, N
i
, and branch angles of a particular order, defined according to the Strahler and inverted Weibel schemes, followed exponential scaling behaviour: N
i
(R
b
)–i
and L
i
(R
l
)
i
. Using the relationship for the fractal dimension D=In R
B
/In R
L
, a value of D=1.4 was obtained for the fracture pattern. Fractal behaviour was also examined by the box-counting method which indicated a power-law dependence of the mass on the box size with fractal dimension exponent D=1.4 in the case of the fracture pattern. However, the mass-shell method for both the fracture pattern and the fractal trees gave an exponential increase of mass with distance from the origin, rather than the power-law behaviour expected for fractals. This was attributed to the fact that branches of different sizes were distributed in restricted regions of space closer to the periphery, rather than uniformly over the whole pattern. 相似文献
172.
Yoon Seok Oh Lingfei Wang Hyungwoo Lee Woo Seok Choi Tae Heon Kim 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(36):2302261
Growth and characterization of metal-oxide thin films foster successful development of oxide-material-integrated thin-film devices represented by metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), drawing enormous technological and scientific interest for several decades. In recent years, functional oxide heterostructures have demonstrated remarkable achievements in modern technologies and provided deeper insights into condensed-matter physics and materials science owing to their versatile tunability and selective amplification of the functionalities. One of the most critical aspects of their physical properties is the polar perturbation stemming from the ionic framework of an oxide. By engineering and exploiting the structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics through various routes, numerous perceptive studies have clearly shown how polar perturbations advance functionalities or drive exotic physical phenomena in complex oxide heterostructures. In this review, both intrinsic (engraved by thin-film heteroepitaxy) and extrinsic (reversibly controllable defect-mediated disorder and polar adsorbates) elements of polar perturbations, highlighting their abilities for the development of highly tunable functional properties are summarized. Scientifically, the recent approaches of polar perturbations render one to consolidate a prospect of atomic-level manipulation of polar order in epitaxial oxide thin films. Technologically, this review also offers useful guidelines for rational design to heterogeneously integrated oxide-based multi-functional devices with high performances. 相似文献
173.
Seung Gyo Jeong Jin Young Oh Lin Hao Jian Liu Woo Seok Choi 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(38):2301770
Unexpected, yet useful functionalities emerge when two or more materials merge coherently. Artificial oxide superlattices realize atomic and crystal structures that are not available in nature, thus providing controllable correlated quantum phenomena. This review focuses on 4d and 5d perovskite oxide superlattices, in which the spin–orbit coupling plays a significant role compared with conventional 3d oxide superlattices. Modulations in crystal structures with octahedral distortion, phonon engineering, electronic structures, spin orderings, and dimensionality control are discussed for 4d oxide superlattices. Atomic and magnetic structures, Jeff = 1/2 pseudospin and charge fluctuations, and the integration of topology and correlation are discussed for 5d oxide superlattices. This review provides insights into how correlated quantum phenomena arise from the deliberate design of superlattice structures that give birth to novel functionalities. 相似文献
174.
Dohyung Kim Hyeonsu Bang Hyoung Won Baac Jongmin Lee Phuoc Loc Truong Bum Ho Jeong Tamilselvan Appadurai Kyu Kwan Park Donghyeok Heo Vu Binh Nam Hocheon Yoo Kyeounghak Kim Daeho Lee Jong Hwan Ko Hui Joon Park 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(14):2213064
Reversible metal-filamentary mechanism has been widely investigated to design an analog resistive switching memory (RSM) for neuromorphic hardware-implementation. However, uncontrollable filament-formation, inducing its reliability issues, has been a fundamental challenge. Here, an analog RSM with 3D ion transport channels that can provide unprecedentedly high reliability and robustness is demonstrated. This architecture is realized by a laser-assisted photo-thermochemical process, compatible with the back-end-of-line process and even applicable to a flexible format. These superior characteristics also lead to the proposal of a practical adaptive learning rule for hardware neural networks that can significantly simplify the voltage pulse application methodology even with high computing accuracy. A neural network, which can perform the biological tissue classification task using the ultrasound signals, is designed, and the simulation results confirm that this practical adaptive learning rule is efficient enough to classify these weak and complicated signals with high accuracy (97%). Furthermore, the proposed RSM can work as a diffusive-memristor at the opposite voltage polarity, exhibiting extremely stable threshold switching characteristics. In this mode, several crucial operations in biological nervous systems, such as Ca2+ dynamics and nonlinear integrate-and-fire functions of neurons, are successfully emulated. This reconfigurability is also exceedingly beneficial for decreasing the complexity of systems—requiring both drift- and diffusive-memristors. 相似文献
175.
5 nm Silver Nanoparticles Amplify Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Activating Mast Cells
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
HanGoo Kang Seungjae Kim Kwang Hoon Lee Shan Jin Seo Hyeong Kim Kangtaek Lee Hyungjoon Jeon Young‐Geon Song Sang‐Won Lee Jinwon Seo Soomin Park In‐Hong Choi 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(9)
The triggering effect of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the induction of allergic reactions is evaluated, by studying the activation of mast cells and the clinical features of atopic dermatitis in a mouse model. Granule release is induced in RBL‐2H3 mast cells by 5 nm, but not 100 nm silver NPs. Increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial superoxide) and intracellular Ca++ in mast cells are induced by 5 nm silver NPs. In a mouse model of atopic dermatitis induced by a mite allergen, the skin lesions are more severe and appear earlier in mice treated simultaneously with 5 nm silver NPs and allergen compared with mice treated with allergen alone or 100 nm silver NPs and allergen. The histological findings reveal that number of tryptase‐positive mast cells and total IgE levels in the serum increase in mice treated with 5 nm silver NPs and allergen. The results in this study indicate that cotreatment with 5 nm silver NPs stimulates mast cell degranulation and induces earlier and more severe clinical alterations in allergy‐prone individuals. 相似文献
176.
Alireza Kargar Supanee Sukrittanon Chang Zhou Yun Goo Ro Xiaoqing Pan Shadi A. Dayeh Charles W. Tu Sungho Jin 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(21)
The growth and characterization of an n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p+‐GaP thin film heterojunction synthesized using a gas‐source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, and its application for efficient solar‐driven water oxidation is reported. The TiO2/Ni passivated n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p+‐GaP thin film heterojunction provides much higher photoanodic performance in 1 m KOH solution than the TiO2/Ni‐coated n‐GaP substrate, leading to much lower onset potential and much higher photocurrent. There is a significant photoanodic potential shift of 764 mV at a photocurrent of 0.34 mA cm?2, leading to an onset potential of ≈0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 0.34 mA cm?2 for the heterojunction. The photocurrent at the water oxidation potential (1.23 V vs RHE) is 1.46 and 7.26 mA cm?2 for the coated n‐GaP and n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p+‐GaP photoanodes, respectively. The passivated heterojunction offers a maximum applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 1.9% while the ABPE of the coated n‐GaP sample is almost zero. Furthermore, the coated n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p+‐GaP heterojunction photoanode provides a broad absorption spectrum up to ≈620 nm with incident photon‐to‐current efficiencies (IPCEs) of over 40% from ≈400 to ≈560 nm. The high low‐bias performance and broad absorption of the wide‐bandgap GaP/GaNP heterojunctions render them as a promising photoanode material for tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells to carry out overall solar water splitting. 相似文献
177.
Designing Metallic and Insulating Nanocrystal Heterostructures to Fabricate Highly Sensitive and Solution Processed Strain Gauges for Wearable Sensors
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Woo Seok Lee Seung‐Wook Lee Hyungmok Joh Mingi Seong Haneun Kim Min Su Kang Ki‐Hyun Cho Yun‐Mo Sung Soong Ju Oh 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(47)
All‐solution processed, high‐performance wearable strain sensors are demonstrated using heterostructure nanocrystal (NC) solids. By incorporating insulating artificial atoms of CdSe quantum dot NCs into metallic artificial atoms of Au NC thin film matrix, metal–insulator heterostructures are designed. This hybrid structure results in a shift close to the percolation threshold, modifying the charge transport mechanism and enhancing sensitivity in accordance with the site percolation theory. The number of electrical pathways is also manipulated by creating nanocracks to further increase its sensitivity, inspired from the bond percolation theory. The combination of the two strategies achieves gauge factor up to 5045, the highest sensitivity recorded among NC‐based strain gauges. These strain sensors show high reliability, durability, frequency stability, and negligible hysteresis. The fundamental charge transport behavior of these NC solids is investigated and the combined site and bond percolation theory is developed to illuminate the origin of their enhanced sensitivity. Finally, all NC‐based and solution‐processed strain gauge sensor arrays are fabricated, which effectively measure the motion of each finger joint, the pulse of heart rate, and the movement of vocal cords of human. This work provides a pathway for designing low‐cost and high‐performance electronic skin or wearable devices. 相似文献
178.
Solar Cells: Multidimensional Anodized Titanium Foam Photoelectrode for Efficient Utilization of Photons in Mesoscopic Solar Cells (Small 34/2017)
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
179.
Dominance of Plasmonic Resonant Energy Transfer over Direct Electron Transfer in Substantially Enhanced Water Oxidation Activity of BiVO4 by Shape‐Controlled Au Nanoparticles
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Mi Gyoung Lee Cheon Woo Moon Hoonkee Park Woonbae Sohn Sung Bum Kang Sanghan Lee Kyoung Jin Choi Ho Won Jang 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(37)
The performance of plasmonic Au nanostructure/metal oxide heterointerface shows great promise in enhancing photoactivity, due to its ability to confine light to the small volume inside the semiconductor and modify the interfacial electronic band structure. While the shape control of Au nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial for moderate bandgap semiconductors, because plasmonic resonance by interband excitations overlaps above the absorption edge of semiconductors, its critical role in water splitting is still not fully understood. Here, first, the plasmonic effects of shape‐controlled Au NPs on bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) are studied, and a largely enhanced photoactivity of BiVO4 is reported by introducing the octahedral Au NPs. The octahedral Au NP/BiVO4 achieves 2.4 mA cm?2 at the 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is the threefold enhancement compared to BiVO4. It is the highest value among the previously reported plasmonic Au NPs/BiVO4. Improved photoactivity is attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance; direct electron transfer (DET), plasmonic resonant energy transfer (PRET). The PRET can be stressed over DET when considering the moderate bandgap semiconductor. Enhanced water oxidation induced by the shape‐controlled Au NPs is applicable to moderate semiconductors, and shows a systematic study to explore new efficient plasmonic solar water splitting cells. 相似文献
180.
Na?Young?Kang Seong?Ihl?Woo Yu?Jin?Lee Jongyoon?Bae Won?Choon?Choi Yong-Ki?ParkEmail author 《Journal of Materials Science》2016,51(8):3735-3749
We successfully synthesized hydrothermally stable ZSM-5 with crystalline nano seeds. We employed a template-free method using ZSM-5 crystalline nano seeds and sodium silicate as a silica source. The prepared ZSM-5 exhibited uniform crystal size and relative crystallinity greater than 100 %. The size of the crystalline nano seed in the scale of 100 nm was found to be the optimum size for obtaining uniform, highly crystalline ZSM-5 with structural stability. After P-modification, the synthesized ZSM-5 with the optimally sized seed showed high hydrothermal stability and improved catalytic naphtha cracking activity compared to a commercial ZSM-5 catalyst. In order to find the elements for the increased hydrothermal stability, the samples were evaluated by studying crystallinity, aluminum spectrum, and acidity using XRD, solid-state NMR, and NH3-TPD, respectively after steaming at 800 °C for 24 h. It is speculated that the increased hydrothermal stability of the ZSM-5 resulted mainly from the increased aluminum structural stability. 相似文献