稀土元素在陶瓷中的应用

从稀土元素的原子结构和化学特性出发,介绍了稀土元素的应用领域,阐述了稀土元素在陶瓷色釉料、各种氧化物陶瓷和非氧化物陶瓷中的应用.     

A new method for producing high melt strength polypropylene with reactive extrusion

A high‐melt‐strength polypropylene (HMSPP) was prepared using a twin‐screw reactive extruder from a commercial isotactic polypropylene through two stages, first, maleic anhydride is grafted to polypropylene to obtain a maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA), and then the grafted polymer is reacted with epoxy to extend the branched chain. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy indicated that maleic anhydride was grafted on polypropylene and reacted with epoxy. Melt flow rate and sag resistance test showed that the melt strength of the HMSPP improved considerably. Differential scanning calorimetry test showed that the long chain branches (LCBs) act as a nucleating agent in the crystallization of the HMSPP, which leads to a high crystallization temperature and crystallinity. Furthermore, the LCB efficiency of the HMSPP can also be calculated by analyzing its rheological property. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Characteristics of Milk Powders Produced by Spray Freeze Drying

Skim and whole milk powders were manufactured at lab scale by spray freeze drying (SFD), using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The polydispersity of droplet/particle sizes was limited using an encapsulator nozzle to atomize the feed. Particle morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Samples were compared with equivalent spray-dried powders in tests of wettability and dissolution in water. The spray freeze-dried powders were found to be highly porous, with a uniform structure of pores throughout the entire particles. When tested in water, SFD skim milk powders wetted roughly three times as fast as industrially spray-dried agglomerated skim milk powders and were observed to dissolve rapidly by breaking down into smaller particles.     

状如琼，凝为脂

在我们喝的饮料粒粒橙中，为什么那些细小的橙子颗粒是悬浮在橙汁中的呢？果冻和布丁为什么是透明，且柔软有弹性的呢？去看看成分表，我们不难发现共同之处，看似不同的食品都添加了一种共同的成分——琼脂。[编者按]     

厦门市筼筜湖城市防汛排涝现状及其对策

本文通过分析筼筜湖的自然概况、防汛排涝系统设施及实际运行等资料,提出进一步提高筼筜湖防汛排涝能力的对策。     

A 3-D Enlarged Cell Technique (ECT) for the Conformal FDTD Method

In this paper, we present an enlarged cell technique (ECT) to avoid the time step reduction encountered in the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) method due to small irregular cells truncated by metallic boundaries. We focus our efforts on the discussion of the accuracy and stability of the ECT and its comparison with other conformal methods, especially the one called the uniformly stable conformal (USC) method. We also provide a simplified ECT, which is much easier to implement. In the ECT, a stability criterion is first constructed to identify instable irregular cells, i.e., those having so small an area to cause instability. Those instable cells are then enlarged into their adjacent cells to obtain a large, stable area. Careful treatment is performed on the communication between the intruding and intruded cells in terms of electromotive force by keeping the total electromotive force conservative. This technique is verified by several 3-D numerical experiments. Results show that the ECT is second-order accurate and numerically stable at the regular Courant time step limit.     

无纸化建造

本文通过分析先锋建筑师借鉴汽车制造领域的无纸化技术进行的建造实践,揭示了无纸化建造的操作过程,并探讨了无纸化建造的意义,那就是无纸化不仅改变了传统的设计方法,而且改变了传统的建造方式,这将是人类的建造技术发展史上的一场伟大的变革.文章最后探讨了无纸化建造在中国的实践意义.     

Protein Extraction from Heat-stabilized Defatted Rice Bran: II. The Role of Amylase, Celluclast, and Viscozyme

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of 3 carbohydrases for protein extraction from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran (HDRB) was evaluated. Amylase, viscozyme and celluclast extracted a maximum of 45.4, 12.1, and 28.5% protein, respectively. Further study showed that extracted protein ranged from 9.5 to 58.4% under conditions of water to bran ratio (5:1 to 20:1), α-amylase (0 to 110000 units/10 g rice bran), temperature (35 to 55 °C), and time (1 to 8 h). The maximum protein extracted was 58.4% with a water to bran ratio of 17:1, 87637 units amylase, and 50.9 °C. These results suggest that impure food-grade amylase containing protease is more effective than celluclast and viscozyme in protein extraction from HDRB.     

Effects of Y and Ce on Microstructures and Properties of Nb-Si System Composites

The effects of yttrium and cerium on microstructures and properties of Nb-Si system composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy( SEM), energy dispersive spectrum(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high temperature oxidation experiments.It is found that the coarse primary silicide phase became finer and more homogeneous with Y and Ce addition.The results of high temperature oxidation experiments show that the oxidation rates of NbSi system composites with an appropriate amount of Y and Ce decrease compared with those of alloys without Y or Ce addition, and oxidation products mainly distribute along the phase boundaries between the Nb solid solution and silicide.