Electrochemical investigation of La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 synthesized in air for SOFC application

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - La-doped titanate materials have been widely investigated as alternative Ni-free anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (LST)...     

Polyethylenimine-modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose as an effective adsorbent for removing Cu(II) from aqueous solution

Polyethylenimine-modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose (SBCMP), as a new adsorbent, was synthesized by the reaction of polyethylenimine (PEI) with sugarcane bagasse cellulose and glutaraldehyde. The adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was pH-dependent, and the higher removal efficiency of Cu(II) appeared in the range of pH 3.0–6.0. The adsorption isothermal data fitted well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of SBCMP was up to 107.5 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic. The adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was unfavorable at high temperatures, and thermodynamic analyses implied that the adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was an exothermic reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Cu(II) adsorption on SBCMP mainly controlled by the nitrogen atoms of  NH group in PEI. The results of regeneration cycles showed that SBCMP was suitable for reuse in the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. These experimental results suggested that SBCMP is expected to be a new biomass adsorbent with high efficiency in removing Cu(II) from wastewater.     

Enhancing flame retardant and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 by a grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes

In order to improve the flame retardancy and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) at as low amount of additives as possible, an integrated-functional additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results showed 2 wt% of DOPO-MWCNTs distributed in PA6 formed an electric network and decreased volume resistivity sharply to 3.1 × 10⁸ Ω cm. In other words, it helped PA6 to get to the percolation threshold of semiconductor. By using of 3 wt% DOPO-MWCNTs, the severe dripping in burning of PA6 was almost controlled. The possible reason was also ascribed to the network formed by evenly dispersed DOPO-MWCNTs, which strengthened the char structure and held severe dripping of PA6. As a result, the heat and smoke release were also suppressed obviously. The most important is that CO release was about half cut in CONE test.     

Highly-modified polylactide transparent blends with better heat-resistance,melt strength,toughness and stiffness balance due to the compatibilization and chain extender effects of methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

A core-shell modifier with the cross-linked acrylate and silicone copolymer as the core and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the shell (PASi-g-PMMA) was used to toughen the brittle polylactide (PLA). In addition, the copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) (MG) was utilized to further enhance the modification efficiency of the PASi-g-PMMA. The MG copolymer played the double roles of compatibilizer and chain extender, which not only improved the interfacial adhesion between the PLA and PASi-g-PMMA particles, but also increased the molecular weight and chain entanglement of the PLA. Compared with the PASi-g-PMMA toughened PLA blend, the PLA/PASi-g-PMMA/MG blends showed much higher heat-resistance, melt strength, transparency, toughness and stiffness balance. When the PASi-g-PMMA content was 20 wt%, 20 wt% MG increased the glass transition temperature (T_g), complex viscosity (η*), transparency, impact and tensile strength of PLA/PASi-g-PMMA blend from 60.1°C, 1.9 × 10³ Pa·s, 76.1%, 748 J/m and 37 MPa to 71.5°C, 0.5 × 10⁴ Pa·s, 78.4%, 860 J/m and 45 MPa for the PLA/PASi-g-PMMA/MG blend. This research provided a facile and practical method to overcome the shortcomings of the PLA and promoted its application in broader fields.     

High-efficiency ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.     

Effects of hydrolysis treatment on the structure and properties of semi-interpenetrating superabsorbent polymers

A semi-interpenetrating polymer network superabsorbent polymer based on sodium lignosulfonate-graft-poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide)/potassium dihydrogen phosphate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA/SL-g-P[AA-AM]/KDP) was synthesized by using solution polymerization. The PVA/SL-g-P(AA-AM)/KDP was further hydrolyzed in NaOH solution. The structure, thermal stability, and morphologies of samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of FTIR, TGA, and DSC showed that PVA interpenetration through SL-g-P(AA-AM)/KDP network has occurred, and PVA/SL-g-P(AA-AM)/KDP was successfully alkaline hydrolyzed. From the SEM images, the high porous and loose surface structure of polymers was formed after hydrolysis, which greatly increased the specific surface area. Samples after hydrolysis exhibited higher equilibrium swelling capacity (1963 g/g) compared to the nonhydrolyzed samples (866 g/g). The swelling kinetics of all samples well complied with the pseudo-second order swelling kinetics model. Simple hydrolysis treatment not only improved the swelling capacity of PVA/SL-g-P(AA-AM)/KDP but also induced an enhancement on its water retention performance, which made it potentially useful as a water retention agent in the revegetation of abandoned mines or slope wasteland.     

中频条件下真空灭弧室的纵向磁场仿真

该文研究了中频400～800Hz条件下纵磁真空灭弧室内的磁场特性,利用Ansys Maxwell求解了三维瞬态纵向磁场分布.由计算结果可知:在电流变化的过程中,中心区域纵向磁场的变化明显滞后于其他区域.电流峰值时在触头片开槽交错放置的位置有磁场峰值区域,电流过零时中心区域有明显剩磁.当频率增加时,涡流效应更明显,使纵向磁场的磁感应强度值减弱.对中心点,频率提高导致过零时剩磁增加,磁场滞后相位更明显,影响电弧扩散.增加触头片开槽数可以减弱涡流效应,而增加触头杯座槽旋转角,触头中间平面磁感应强度的最大值近似线性增加.文中通过分析电弧形态和电压等实验结果验证了磁场滞后对真空灭弧室的开断能力的影响.     

半芳香族耐高温尼龙PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料制备及性能

采用半芳香族耐高温尼龙聚对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸己二胺(PA6T/6I)为树脂基体,铜铬氧化物为激光镭射助剂,制备了PA6T/6I基的激光直接成型(LDS)功能材料。采用扫描电子显微镜对激光镭射助剂分散状态及LDS功能材料模塑器件的表面形貌能进行了表征,使用热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪对LDS功能材料的热失重行为、熔融结晶性能进行了表征,研究了激光镭射助剂添加量对LDS功能材料的力学性能、热稳定性、化学镀性能的影响,同时研究了PA6T/6I熔融结晶性能和注塑模具温度对于模塑器件表面、外观的影响。结果表明,偶联剂的添加有利于改善激光镭射助剂在PA6T/6I树脂基体中的分散,其中环氧类的偶联剂KBM–403处理后的LDS镭射助剂分散效果最佳。激光镭射助剂添加量的增加,会造成LDS功能材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及初始分解温度降低。激光镭射助剂添加量在8%时,预镀铜上镀时间和镀层覆盖时间最短,化学镀效果最佳。当注塑模具温度为175℃时,玻纤增强PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料模塑器件的外观最佳。     

一种改进工件边缘检测方法的研究

针对现有边缘检测技术难以同时消除图像中噪声和工件表面划痕对边缘检测的影响,并保持图像边缘的清晰度和连续性,提出了一种基于二阶微分算子和数学形态学的改进边缘检测技术。首先利用数学形态学理论,设计了一种形态学开闭运算处理图像的方法,为去除工件表面划痕做好预处理;然后用二阶微分Laplace算子对预处理后的图像进行边缘检测;最后改进了一种高斯与双边滤波结合的算法,强化去噪效果,并对最终算法进行实验验证。实验结果表面,改进的算法在去除工件表面划痕方面效果明显,并与传统微分算子比较,边缘清晰度、峰值信噪比(PSNR)都有大幅提高,为提高工件识别精度打好基础。     

基于AprilTag图像识别的移动机器人定位研究

气流激振故障是燃汽轮机由于工作介质引发的常见故障,针对某型燃气轮机气流激振故障,建立峰值保持降采样算法和粒子群算法优化的深度置信网络故障诊断模型。使用峰值保持降采样法对振动数据进行缩减,并以之作为深度置信神经网络的输入,降低模型训练时间,同时采取粒子群算法对深度置信网络结构参数寻优,搜索诊断性能最好的深度置信模型所对应的网络结构参数。实例结果表明,优化后的模型不仅降低模型训练时间,实现网络结构参数智能寻优,还有效实现燃气轮机气流激振故障诊断,测试准确率约为99.8%。