地震计标定及特性分析应用研究

地震计的参数是进行地震波形反演、地震震级确定的基本资料,其性能指标影响着地震数据产出的质量。地震计标定时,初始点位置的选取直接影响对仪器性能好坏的判断。本文以某水库地震监测台网中1个台站标定为例,通过检验和测定地震计标定过程中通频带平坦程度、三分向幅度响应一致性、频带范围、周期阻尼等参数,详细讨论了标定过程中起始点位置的选择原则及影响周期、阻尼计算结果的因素。     

水下无线传感器网络自适应转发协议

针对水下传感器网络延时长、网络拓扑动态变化的问题,提出一种三维水下无线传感器网络自适应转发协议AFP(adaptive forwarding protocol)。AFP采用自适应方法获得转发概率与转发区域,让转发区域内与上一跳转发节点距离相对远,且与上一跳节点与目的节点的矢量方向相对近的节点以高概率转发分组,从而减少了转播冗余和冲突,提高了转播效率。应用NS-2仿真软件对协议的性能进行仿真,仿真结果表明:与VBF协议相比,AFP提高了分组投递率、减少了端对端延迟,证明了AFP在水下无线传感器网络环境下工作的可行性和有效性。     

散粒体的自组织临界性分析

基于二维模拟实验,研究竖向荷载下散粒体中的自组织临界性,揭示细观拱效应与宏观大崩塌的变化规律,以及拱效应与材料性质的关系.散粒体中每个小自组织的临界发展过程包括自组织搭拱、拱随遇平衡和拱崩塌的动力学演化.散粒体大坍塌是众多小自组织临界发生后的力学性质由量变到质变的过程.用随机理论细观探讨一个预期失败模式的理论模型,为研究散体材料结构自组织临界性系统的可预测性及灾害预测预报提供了科学依据.     

复合弯扭作用下预应力单箱组合梁的扭转承载能力分析

组合梁结构在实际工程中常处于弯扭复合受力状态,为探讨预应力单箱组合梁在复合弯扭作用下的扭转承载性能,引入了弯矩影响系数和预应力影响系数,提出了预应力单箱组合梁在弯扭作用下的开裂扭矩计算公式.并在大扭弯比条件下,基于空间桁架理论,推导了预应力单箱组合梁在弯扭作用下的极限扭矩计算公式.为了验证该理论的正确性,设计了4根模型梁试件进行弯扭加载试验.理论计算值与试验值的对比结果表明,由理论计算公式得出的结果与实际吻合良好,可为研究组合梁结构的复合弯扭问题提供一定的理论参考.     

Extended trajectory shaping guidance law considering a first-order autopilot lag

To satisfy the terminal position and impact angel constraints, an optimal guidance problem was discussed for homing missiles. For a stationary or a slowly moving target on the ground, an extended trajectory shaping guidance law considering a first-order autopilot lag (ETSGL-CFAL) was proposed. To derive the ETSGL-CFAL, a time-to-go-nth power weighted objection function was adopted and three different derivation methods were demonstrated while the Schwartz inequality method was mainly demonstrated. The performance of the ETSGL-CFAL and the ETSGL guidance laws was compared through simulation. Simulation results show that although a first-order autopilot is introduced into the ETSGL-CFAL guidance system, the position miss distance and terminal impact angle error induced by the impact angle is zero for different guidance time.     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic...     

Risk evaluation of rock burst through theory of static and dynamic stresses superposition

Rock burst is one of the most catastrophic dynamic hazards in coal mining. A static and dynamic stresses superposition-based(SDSS-based) risk evaluation method of rock burst was proposed to pre-evaluate rock burst risk. Theoretical basis of this method is the stress criterion incurring rock burst and rock burst risk is evaluated according to the closeness degree of the total stress(due to the superposition of static stress in the coal and dynamic stress induced by tremors) with the critical stress. In addition, risk evaluation criterion of rock burst was established by defining the "Satisfaction Degree" of static stress. Furthermore,the method was used to pre-evaluate rock burst risk degree and prejudge endangered area of an insular longwall face in Nanshan Coal Mine in China. Results show that rock burst risk is moderate at advance extent of 97 m, strong at advance extent of 97-131 m,and extremely strong(i.e. inevitable to occur) when advance extent exceeds 131 m(mining is prohibited in this case). The section of two gateways whose floor abuts 15-3 coal seam is a susceptible area prone to rock burst. Evaluation results were further compared with rock bursts and tremors detected by microseismic monitoring. Comparison results indicate that evaluation results are consistent with microseismic monitoring, which proves the method’s feasibility.     

Effects of COD to Phosphorus Ratios on the Metabolism of PAOs in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Different Carbon Sources

To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs.     

Hydraulic Self Servo Swing Cylinder Structure Optimization and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis Based on Genetic Algorithm

The dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder were analyzed according to the hydraulic system natural frequency formula. Based on that, a method of the hydraulic self servo swing cylinder structure optimization based on genetic algorithm was proposed in this paper. By analyzing the four parameters that affect the dynamic characteristics, we had to optimize the structure to obtain as larger the Dm(displacement) as possible under the condition with the purpose of improving the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder. So three state equations were established in this paper. The paper analyzed the effect of the four parameters in hydraulic self servo swing cylinder natural frequency equation and used the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of structure parameters. The model was simulated by substituting the parameters and initial value to the simulink model. Simulation results show that: using self servo hydraulic swing cylinder natural frequency equation to study its dynamic response characteristics is very effective. Compared with no optimization, the overall system dynamic response speed is significantly improved.