昆2井优快钻井及油气层保护技术

昆2井是一口位于柴北缘西段的昆特依凹陷潜伏Ⅰ号圈闭上的风险探井,设计井深为5950m。针对柴北缘深探井存在的主要技术难题,制定了昆2井的技术对策。通过对钻井设备的优选、井身结构的优化、钻头及钻具组合的优选、钻井参数及钻井液性能的优化、油气层保护技术的研究与应用,形成了一套适合于柴北缘的优快钻井技术,使昆2井的完钻井深达到5950m。与邻区的深探井平均水平相比,在井深增加888m、大尺寸井眼段更长的前提下,昆2井的钻井、完井周期分别缩短了98.75d、124.2d,钻机月速度增加了317m/台,平均机械钻速增加了0.82m/h。根据“理想充填新理论”,确定了保护油气层的最优复配暂堵方案,利用该方案所配制的钻井液其渗透率恢复值达到了87.5%以上,流变性能良好,滤失量低,对改善泥饼质量、增强井壁稳定性有明显的效果。     

浅谈现阶段如何推行HSE

根据胜利油田建立实施HSE管理体系工作的现状,提出现阶段推行HSE管理体系要做好五方面的工作。在日常管理工作中,要做到高标准、高质量、严要求、严考核。     

高输入功率因数的三相无源AC-DC变换器

对于采用三相不控整流桥作为前级的变换器，自然条件下其输入电流波形系数不高，使得输入功率因数委低，降低了电源的利用率。为此需要采用功率因数提高技术，其中无源PFC是一类重要的功率因数校正技术，在某些场合非常具有应用价值。本文介绍了几种三相无源AC-DC变换器的高功率因数方案，如采用LC滤波器、移相电抗器，谐振电抗器，移相变压器，相间变压器，相间电抗器等，在进行简单的工作原理描述后，给出了部分方案的MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真结果。     

单井注水吞吐在塔河油田的应用

在塔河油田开发生产过程中，个别油井在修井作业中出现先漏后喷的现象。在修井完成后，产量较前期有大幅增加。针对这类油井进行单井注水吞吐采油试验，研究发现钻遇定容封闭性油藏的油井适合单井注水吞吐开采。一方面利用油水重力分异，抬升油水界面，增加采出量；另一方面注水补充地层能量，恢复地层压力。该方法在塔河油田实际应用中，取得了较好的效果和较高的经济效益，也为提高定容封闭性油藏油井的采收率提供了一个较好的方法。     

基于CAN总线技术的果园气象监测网络节点的设计及实现

介绍了基于CAN总线的分布式果园气象监测系统,重点描述了单片机P87C591的特点及以它为控制核心构成的监测网络节点的实现。     

秦皇岛发电有限责任公司年产2.5亿块粉煤灰烧结砖生产线项目工艺设计特点

1 项目建设的目的 秦皇岛发电有限责任公司原名秦皇岛热电厂,目前是一座装机容量100万千瓦的国有大型火力发电企业,年发电量68亿kWh.由于三期工程正在筹建,拟建2×30万kW供热发电机组.为了合理地利用三期工程排放的粉煤灰,不再新建储灰场污染环境,秦皇岛发电有限责任公司经过国内外详细考察,反复论证,认为最有效的大量利用途径之一是用其烧制粉煤灰烧结砖这种新型墙体材料.考虑到国内设备生产能力及粉煤灰掺量难以满足要求,因此,决定引进具有国际先进水平的设备.通过更换模具和改变原料配比,能生产高档清水砖、空心砖、不同规格与不同孔洞率的保温、承重与非承重砌块.     

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准的修订

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准进行了第三次修订。本文介绍了修订的理由、修订的内容与依据，并与国内外同类产品标准进行了比较。     

Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

HybMig: A Hybrid Approach to Dynamic Plan Migration for Continuous Queries

In data stream environments, the initial plan of a long-running query may gradually become inefficient due to changes of the data characteristics. In this case, the query optimizer generates a more efficient plan based on the current statistics. The online transition from the old to the new plan is called dynamic plan migration. In addition to correctness, an effective technique for dynamic plan migration should achieve the following objectives: 1) minimize the memory and CPU overhead of the migration, 2) reduce the duration of the transition, and 3) maintain a steady output rate. The only known solutions for this problem are the moving states (MS) and parallel track (PT) strategies, which have some serious shortcomings related to the above objectives. Motivated by these shortcomings, we first propose HybMig, which combines the merits of MS and PT and outperforms both in every aspect. As a second step, we extend PT, MS, and HybMig to the general problem of migration, where both the new and the old plans are treated as black boxes