不同围压下共面双裂隙脆性砂岩裂纹演化特性颗粒流模拟研究

岩体中含有大量节理、裂隙、断层等各类结构面,结构面在应力作用下的扩展与贯通是导致岩体破坏的重要原因。数值流形方法(NMM)可以有效模拟连续和非连续问题,然而,其在多裂纹动态扩展的模拟方面仍处于探索阶段。该文以线弹性断裂力学原理为基础,提出了一种基于高阶数值流形方法的多裂纹扩展模拟算法。通过在基函数中增加关键项来考虑裂纹尖端位移场的奇异性;裂纹尖端的应力强度因子则采用了J积分来计算;Ⅰ型-Ⅱ型混合裂纹的开裂和扩展方向依据最大周向拉应力准则来判断;采用假设-修正的多裂纹扩展算法解决了多裂纹的扩展问题。根据强化后的基函数,对于不符合单纯形积分形式的被积函数,采用了泰勒级数展开式计算近似解。通过多个静态裂纹扩展的经典问题的数值模拟对计算方法的合理性和计算精度及进行了验证。     

前桥下横臂加工工艺难点分析与解决

探讨分析了前桥下横臂在卧式加工心上试制的工艺难点,从建立坐标系、数铣内孔槽、螺纹加工等方面提出相应的解决方案．在实际加工过程中取得了良好的加工效果,对解决其它类似零件具有一定的借鉴意义。     

The Dependence of Energy Dissipation on the Elastic Energy Density of Friction Pairs in Hard Coating Films

The influence of different pairs on the energy dissipation of a given hard coating during fretting has been discussed. Based on the view of the competition between the elastic and plastic deformations in a fretting experiment, it suggests that the energy dissipation rate is proportional to the elastic energy density of pairs. This trend is in agreement with the reported experimental data. For comparison, hardness of pairs is used as the index to relate the antiwear properties of a DLC film against different pairs. It is obvious that the elastic energy density of pairs is more appropriate to predict the antiwear properties of the DLC film against different pairs.     

Strain sensing behavior of electrically conductive fibers under large deformation

Electrically conductive fiber/yarn/fabric is one of the promising materials as flexible conductive sensors because of their sensitivity to strain, temperature and humidity. Aiming at developing of effective flexible sensors, this study investigates experimentally the strain sensing behavior of PPy (polypyrrole)-coated Lycra fibers, showing that the electrically resistance of the conductive fibers changes with the deformation of fibers. The variation in electrically resistance is mainly related to the micro-cracks appearing on the fiber surface during deformation. Then, the effects of the characteristic parameters of the micro-cracks are studied statistically by means of image processing functions in MATLAB, and the governing parameters are determined. Based on the results, a model is built to describe the variation of electrical resistance by the parameters of the micro-cracks. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results, showing an acceptable agreement.     

In Vivo and In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Magnesium Alloys as Biomaterials

The corrosion behavior of pure Mg,AZ31,and AZ91D were evaluated in various in vitro and in vivo environments to investigate the potential application of these metals as biodegradable implant materials.DC polarization tests and immersion tests were performed in different simulated body solutions,such as distilled(DI) water,simulated body fluid(SBF) and phosphate buffered solution(PBS).Mg/Mg alloys were also implanted in different places in a mouse for in vivo weight loss and biocompatibility investigations.The in vivo subcutis bio-corrosion rate was lower than the corrosion rate for all of the in vitro simulated corrosive environments.The Mg/Mg alloys were biocompatible based on histology results for the liver,heart,kidney,skin and lung of the mouse during the two months implantation.Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to investigate the morphology and topography of Mg/Mg alloys after immersion testing and implantation to understand the corrosion mechanisms.     

Synergistic effect of composite template and La-doping on microdynamic behavior of photogenerated carriers in mesoporous nano-TiO2

The traditional view that the role of the composite template that is adopted in the preparation of nano-TiO₂ is only for forming a pore structure and increasing the material's specific surface area is challenged by this study. The complex impact of the composite template and La-doping on the microdynamic behavior of photo-generation free charge carriers (FCCs) in the mesoporous nano-TiO₂ is investigated using the transient photovoltaic (TPV) technique, supplemented by electric field-induced surface photovoltaic spectroscopy and a computer simulation method. The experimental results reveal that utilizing an appropriate composite template, such as polyethylene glycol and octadecylamine with a molar ratio of 1:1, may result in the rapid separation and prolonged diffusion distance of electron–hole pairs that were excited by a 355 nm and 50 μJ laser pulse. These may be responsible for the stronger and broader TPV response in the microsecond and millisecond regions of the La-doped nano-TiO₂ in TPV spectroscopy, as compared with that for materials that used other composite templates. This response is closely related to the reduced content of the surface state located at 367 nm. A suitable level of La-doping, however, was only responsible for the stronger and broader TPV response in the microsecond region of the spectrum of the nano-TiO₂. The computer simulation results confirm that the photo-generation FCCs microdynamic characteristics in the microsecond region may partially originate from the state density distribution of both the d-electron in the antibonding orbital and the p-electron in the bonding orbital moving up to higher levels, and from a broader band-gap after La-doping in the anatase lattice cell.     

实现我国承诺的2020年减排指标的设想

介绍气候变化的危害原因和我国能源利用效率与发达国家的差距,提出推进碳减排工作及发展低碳经济,以实现我国承诺的2020年减排指标的设想。     

MEUF去除废水中重金属和有机物及其浓缩液的处理

胶团强化超滤(MEUF)是一种表面活性剂和超滤相结合的处理含重金属或有机污染物废水的新技术。详细介绍了MEUF技术的原理、表面活性剂的选择、影响处理效果的主要因素,同时针对MEUF技术目前存在的浓缩液处理和表面活性剂回收的问题作了详细的阐述,综述了近年来MEUF技术应用的最新研究成果,并就此技术存在的问题和发展前景作了相关分析,实践表明该技术具有很好的应用前景。     

碳纤维热氧化行为及其机理

对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行热氧化处理,借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱,拉曼光谱等手段表征了PAN基碳纤维的热氧化行为,研究了其热氧化机理。结果表明:热氧化使PAN基碳纤维表面氧元素含量大幅升高,碳含量下降,氧以C—OH或C—O—C基团的形式吸附到表面、在550℃左右以C=O基团大量分解的形式腐蚀纤维,破坏纤维形貌;同时热氧化腐蚀纤维中的非石墨碳,使得有序的石墨结构向非石墨无序结构转变,破坏碳纤维的晶体结构。     

纳米二氧化钛等离子体放电催化杀菌的试验研究

论文提出了纳米二氧化钛等离子体放电催化灭菌消毒的新方法,介绍了纳米二氧化钛等离子体放电催化的原理和装置,进行了杀灭芽孢杆菌的试验研究.试验证明,纳米二氧化钛等离子体放电催化具有很强的灭菌能力,一分钟内即可将105数量级的芽孢杆菌百分之百杀灭.