《深圳市中央空调系统节能运行维护管理暂行规定》的编制说明

简要介绍了编制《深圳市中央空调系统节能运行维护管理暂行规定》的背景和过程,对其编制原则、基本架构、重点内容和主要参数进行了说明和解释,强调了《暂行规定》的针对性、科学性和可操作性。《暂行规定》要求运行管理部门应当每年进行一次空调系统能耗和供冷量统计,作为提高深圳空调环境温度和考量空调效果的依据。     

城市人居环境建设中环境友好理念的引入

我国城市人居环境建设面临着人地关系紧张、城市生态环境的恶化、城市交通运输梗塞、城市文化消失等问题.应将环境友好理念引入城市人居环境规划、建设和管理中,并以此为基础,制定具体的工作内容和方法.     

轻钢结构檐口檩条变形的控制

阐述了檐口檩条变形对建筑的防水、安全等方面的影响及其解决方法;通过女儿墙边、有高差处屋面檩条在积雪荷载下的变形超限破坏实例指出:在考虑积雪荷载设计时,提高檐口檩条变形控制及适当加密檩条是较好的解决方法.     

北京远南大厦设计及其成败得失

介绍了北京南大厦供暖，空调通风，机械排风以及防排烟系统的设计概况，总结了设计中的成功经验，并结合运行情况，提出了一些在设计，生产，施工安装中应注意的问题。     

The creation of the incapable social tenant in Flanders,Belgium. An appraisal

As long as the social rented sector housed traditional families and the allocation procedures were rather loose, there was little commotion about the sector. A combination of a change in family structures, economic changes, and the strengthening of allocation procedures in favour of those most in need did change perceptions. Marginalisation and ghettoisation, especially of high-rise social housing estates, became buzzwords. This paper deals with the causes of these changes and with their implications. The marginalisation discourse calls for enlarging the target groups and estate-specific allocation procedures (to obtain a `social mix'). It illustrates a profound desire to diminish the number of ethnic minorities, single parents, single-person households and all kinds of people with a weak income profile who gain access to social rental housing. Furthermore, this discourse is reaching a crescendo: after it was started in the early 1990s by staff members of local social housing companies, it passed through the union of the social housing companies, the umbrella organisation of the sector, and parliament, reaching its greatest momentum so far in early 2002 when it was adopted by the Flemish housing minister. The counterpoint to this negative discourse is the high degree of satisfaction among social tenants, as observed in a study carried out in 1999. In our paper we will try to explain the background of these opposing trends and the possible consequences for the social rental housing in general and for tenants in particular.     

半导体PVD工艺用溅射靶材诞生的故事--余姚"造靶"札记

1 前言 超大规模集成电路制造用的溅射靶材是采用超高纯度金属经特殊加工工艺生产出来的,是最终形成生产半导体必需的配线材料,半导体集成度性能的提升非常依赖于靶材技术的进步;之前,只有美国、日本等少数跨国公司具备大规模制造溅射靶材的能力,目前中国半导体工业用靶材全部依赖进口.然而在2006年1月,却传来一条震憾性的新闻,我国第一条超大规模集成电路制造用溅射靶材生产线在宁波余姚实现了批量产.据了解,这个创造历史的企业是由江丰集团宁波长城精工实业有限公司(简称长城精工)投资的,此项目的诞生与三个海归博士的回国创业也紧密的联系在一起.     

The potential use of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fabaceae</Emphasis> lianas fibers in papermaking

The objective of this study was to anatomically characterize the fibers of nine species of Fabaceae lianas, to determine their potential in papermaking and to define which biometric parameters can be used to distinguish and identify individuals. The species presented average values of 76.81, 57.45, 42.55, and 1.81 for the felting index, wall fraction, coefficient of flexibility, and Runkel index, respectively. It is concluded that only M. ferox and M. madeirense can be recommended for papermaking.     

The impact of natural and artificial weathering on the visual,colour and structural changes of seven tropical woods

This study investigates the effects of wood weathering on changes in its macroscopic and colour characteristics in connection with changes in its molecular and anatomical structure. Seven hardwoods suitable for outdoor architecture—bangkirai, cumaru, cumaru rosa, ipé, jatobá, kusia, and massaranduba—were exposed to the exterior out of ground contact for 1–36 months according to EN 927-3, and for 1–12 weeks in Xenotest with water spraying according to partly modified EN 927-6. With prolonged weathering, the following changes occurred in the top surfaces of all tropical woods: (1) visual—creation of longitudinal macro-cracks, (2) spectrophotometry and CIE-L ^? a ^? b ^? —darkening in exterior exposure mainly due to pollutants, except for ipé, and vice versa lightening in Xenotest, as well as greening and blueing in both modes of exposure, (3) FTIR—faster decrease of guaiacyl than syringyl lignin, absolute decrease of conjugated and unconjugated carbonyl groups in the newly formed lignin-polysaccharide-extractive substrate in the photo-oxidized and washed-out cell walls, and decrease of cellulose crystallinity, (4) SEM—damaging of cell-walls by micro-cracks, and their degradation by thinning. Connections between changes of the individual characteristics of weathered woods, for example, between the colour (ΔE*, etc.) and the molecular structure (carbonyls, etc.), were also determined.