Nonlinear system identification using optimized dynamic neural network

In this paper, both off-line architecture optimization and on-line adaptation have been developed for a dynamic neural network (DNN) in nonlinear system identification. In the off-line architecture optimization, a new effective encoding scheme—Direct Matrix Mapping Encoding (DMME) method is proposed to represent the structure of neural network by establishing connection matrices. A series of GA operations are applied to the connection matrices to find the optimal number of neurons on each hidden layer and interconnection between two neighboring layers of DNN. The hybrid training is adopted to evolve the architecture, and to tune the weights and input delays of DNN by combining GA with the modified adaptation laws. The modified adaptation laws are subsequently used to tune the input time delays, weights and linear parameters in the optimized DNN-based model in on-line nonlinear system identification. The effectiveness of the architecture optimization and adaptation is extensively tested by means of two nonlinear system identification examples.     

Design methodology and fabrication process of a microinductor for the next generation of DC–DC power converters

Magnetic materials used in cored microinductors to supersede ferrite in the 0.5-10 MHz frequency range are investigated in this article. The performance of electrodeposited nickel–iron, cobalt–iron–copper alloys and the commercial alloy Vitrovac 6025 have been assessed through their inclusion within a custom-made solenoid microinductor. Although the present inductor achieves 77% power efficiency at 500 KHz for 24.7 W/cm3 power density, an optimized process predicts a power efficiency of 97% for 30.83 W/cm3 power density. The main issues regarding microinductor design and performance are discussed.     

Analysis of the nonlinear dynamic stability for an electrically actuated viscoelastic microbeam

In this article, based on the standard linear solid model, the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis and the Galerkin method, an analysis of the nonlinear dynamic stability for a clamped-guided viscoelastic microbeam under both a periodic axial force and a symmetric electrostatic load is presented. By using the incremental harmonic balanced method, the boundary of the principal region of instability is got. In the numerical calculation, the effect of the environmental and inner damping, geometric nonlinear, creep quantity and the symmetric electrostatic load on the principal region of instability is discussed.     

Leveraging technological knowledge transfer by using fuzzy linear programming technique for multiattribute group decision making with fuzzy decision variables

Despite the importance of knowledge transfer for firms involved in foreign direct investment activities, this area has not received appropriate attention from the perspectives of both the knowledge transferor (i.e., MNC parent) and the knowledge recipient. To fill in the gap in the current literature we propose a model to understand the links between criteria complicating the transfer of knowledge and preferences that the company has to focus. This model is based on both the existing literature as well as views of company representatives and provides a useful methodology for identifying decision making problems on the transfer of knowledge. In this paper, we investigate the fuzzy linear programming technique (FLP) to analyze these links and for multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems with preference information on criteria. To reflect the decision maker’s subjective preference information and to determine the weight vector of attributes, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) developed by Hwang and Yoon (1995) and the linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP) developed by Sirinivasan and Shocker (Psychometrica 38:337–369, 1973) are used.     

Immunity-based hybrid evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective optimization in global container repositioning

The development of evolutionary algorithms for optimization has always been a stimulating and growing research area with an increasing demand in using them to solve complex industrial optimization problems. A novel immunity-based hybrid evolutionary algorithm known as Hybrid Artificial Immune Systems (HAIS) for solving both unconstrained and constrained multi-objective optimization problems is developed in this research. The algorithm adopts the clonal selection and immune suppression theories, with a sorting scheme featuring uniform crossover, multi-point mutation, non-dominance and crowding distance sorting to attain the Pareto optimal front in an efficient manner. The proposed algorithm was verified with nine benchmarking functions on its global optimal search ability as well as compared with four optimization algorithms to assess its diversity and spread. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to investigate the selection of key parameters of the algorithm. It is found that the developed immunity-based hybrid evolutionary algorithm provides a useful means for solving optimization problems and has successfully applied to the problem of global repositioning of containers, which is one of a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The developed HAIS will assist shipping liners on timely decision making and planning of container repositioning operations in global container transportation business in an optimized and cost effective manner.     

Improving the generalization performance of RBF neural networks using a linear regression technique

In this paper we present a method for improving the generalization performance of a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. The method uses a statistical linear regression technique which is based on the orthogonal least squares (OLS) algorithm. We first discuss a modified way to determine the center and width of the hidden layer neurons. Then, substituting a QR algorithm for the traditional Gram–Schmidt algorithm, we find the connected weight of the hidden layer neurons. Cross-validation is utilized to determine the stop training criterion. The generalization performance of the network is further improved using a bootstrap technique. Finally, the solution method is used to solve a simulation and a real problem. The results demonstrate the improved generalization performance of our algorithm over the existing methods.     

An adaptive fusion algorithm based on ANFIS for radar/infrared system

In order to improve tracking ability, an adaptive fusion algorithm based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for radar/infrared system is proposed, which combines the merits of fuzzy logic and neural network. Fuzzy adaptive fusion algorithm is a powerful tool to make the actual value of the residual covariance consistent with its theoretical value. To overcome the defect of the dependence on the knowledge of the process and measurement noise statistics of Kalman filter, neural network is introduced, which has the ability to learn from examples and extract the statistical properties of the examples during the training sessions. The fusion system mainly consists of Kalman filters, ANFIS sensor confidence estimators (ASCEs) based on contextual information (CI) theory, knowledge base (KB) and track-to-track fusion algorithms. Experimental data are implemented to train ASCEs to obtain sensor confidence degree. Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively adjust the system to adapt contextual changes and has strong fusion capability in resisting uncertain information.     

Identification of relationship between sunspots and natural runoff in the Yellow River based on discrete wavelet analysis

Annual natural runoff is an important index of a river, which may be affected by solar activities. In this study, 304 years of annual natural runoff at the Sanmenxia station located in the Yellow River and the sunspot relative number are decomposed with the application of a Complex Morlet. According to the results of real part, modulus and second power of modulus, the annual runoff series at the Sanmenxia station has an obvious periodic oscillation on 90–100, 50–80, 35–50, 15–35, about 10, and less than 10-year scales. Also, there are obvious periodic variability with 60–90 years, 30–50 years and about 10 years. There are two centers of energy: one is about 1840–1850 on 7–11-year scale and the other is about 1825–1925 on 60–70-year scale. From the wavelet variance, 3, 26, 46, 68 year periods are detected within a 100-year scale, and the 68-year period is the most significant. Similar analyses are conducted for the sunspot relative number within the same period 1700–2003. The sunspot series shows 11- and 60-year period variation, as well as eight energy centers. Then, the correlation analyses for 11- and 60-year serial scales are computed. From a long-term period (1700–2003) view, there is no notable correlation between the natural runoff and the sunspot relative number; however, it is evident that the correlations exist within a short-term period. The results also indicate that the relationships between solar activities and the natural runoff in the Yellow River are complicated.     

On detecting faults for Boolean expressions

Fault based testing aims at detecting hypothesized faults based on specifications or program source. There are some fault based techniques for testing Boolean expressions which are commonly used to model conditions in specifications as well as logical decisions in program source. The MUMCUT strategy has been proposed to generate test cases from Boolean expressions. Moreover, it detects eight common types of hypothesized faults provided that the original expression is in irredundant disjunctive normal form, IDNF. Software practitioners are more likely to write the conditions and logical decisions in general form rather than IDNF. Hence, it is interesting to investigate the fault detecting capability of the MUMCUT strategy with respect to general form Boolean expressions. In this article, we perform empirical studies to investigate the fault detection capability of the MUMCUT strategy with respect to general form Boolean expressions as well as mutated expressions. A mutated expression can be obtained from the original given Boolean expression by making a syntactic change based on a particular type of fault.

Higher order dispersive and dissipative hybrid method for the numerical solution of oscillatory problems

In this paper, an improved explicit two-step hybrid method with fifth algebraic order is derived. The new method possesses dispersion of order 10 and dissipation of order seven, which is first of its kind in the literature. Numerical experiment reveals the superiority of the new method for solving oscillatory or periodic problems over several methods of the same algebraic order.