A Cross-sectional Study on the Relationship Between Homocysteine and Lipid Profiles Among Chinese Population from Hunan

Previous studies have explored the relationship between homocystein (Hcy) and lipid profiles. However, the results from these studies have been inconsistent. The current study investigated the correlation between Hcy and lipid profiles in Chinese community-based population. The participants were composed of 4012 Chinese people aged 30–92 years old, who were recruited from rural and urban communities in the Hunan Province. Non-parametric test and logistic regression were used to examine the distribution of Hcy and lipid profiles (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and the relationship between them. The median age of subjects was 54.50 years old, and 40.98% were male. Median Hcy was 13.20 μmol/L, and 35.39% had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Median TG was 1.51 mmol/L, TC was 4.77 mmol/L, LDL-C was 2.62 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.27 mmol/L. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, HHcy was associated with high levels of TG (OR_male = 2.240, p < 0.001; OR_female = 2.539, p < 0.001), TC (OR_male = 2.237, p < 0.001; OR_female = 2.202, p < 0.001), and LDL-C (OR_male = 1.413, p = 0.010; OR_female = 1.617, p < 0.001) in the different sexes population and low level of HDL-C in females (OR = 1.326, p = 0.023) after adjusting for confounders. HHcy was independently associated with an increasing risk of low HDL-C among females. The regression analysis showed that HHcy was also associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high level of LDL-C in males and females from Chinese community-based population, which provides a basis for the treatment and prevention of abnormal lipid metabolism.     

Viscoelastic properties and flow instabilities of aqueous suspensions of cellulosic fibers: Effects of a gelation agent on dispersion,rheology, and flow stability

Processing of concentrated lignocellulosic biomass suspensions typically involves the conversion of the cellulose into sugars and sugars into ethanol. Biomass is usually pretreated via methods like comminution or steam explosion to form fine cellulosic fibers to be dispersed into an aqueous phase for further treatment. The resulting cellulose suspensions need to be pressurized and pumped into and out of various processing vessels without allowing the development of flow instabilities that are typically associated with “demixing”, that is, the segregation of the cellulosic biomass from the aqueous phase via the formation of mats of cellulosic fibers and the filtration of the aqueous phase. Such demixing can prevent continuous processing at high rates. Here, the development of flow instabilities via the demixing effect for cellulose suspensions is demonstrated using capillary and compressive squeeze flows. It is shown that the use of a gelation agent, hydroxypropyl guar gum, at the critical concentration of 0.5 wt% or higher significantly affects the viscoelastic material functions of cellulosic suspensions, improves the dispersive mixing of the fibers within the aqueous phase, and results in the elimination of the flow instabilities and associated demixing effects that are ubiquitously observed during the pressurization and processing of cellulosic suspensions.     

Systematic investigation on the effect of crosslinking agent type and dosage on the performance of TPU/MVQ based thermoplastic vulcanizates

Dynamic vulcanized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared in torque rheometer. The influence of the type and amount of peroxide crosslinking agent on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, micromorphology and melt flowability was systematically investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the TPVs vulcanized by 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butyl peroxy) hexane (DBPH) first increased and then decreased with increasing the peroxide amount, while for dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanizing system the mechanical properties slowly increased. Besides, the comprehensive mechanical properties vulcanized by DBPH were better than those of DCP group. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the TPVs vulcanized by DBPH had better heat stability, corresponding to the excellent thermo-oxidative aging performance and the 38% increase in tensile strength after aging. In addition, the MVQ rubber particles showed better dispersing performance for DBPH vulcanizing system. The melt flow rate of the TPVs showed a linear relationship with increasing DBPH dosage and became worse after the amount of crosslinking agent exceeded 1.5 phr. By comprehensive comparison, the TPVs have better performance when use peroxide DBPH as the crosslinking agent and the dosage is 1.5 phr.     

Enhanced wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by modified-graphite oxide

A simple and feasible method to enhance the wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers was reported. The graphite oxide (GO) prepared using improved Hummer's method was surface modified with hexadecylamine to improve its compatibility with UHMWPE. Combined with well-dispersion of modified-GO (m-GO) in dichloromethane and the fact that the viscosity of UHMWPE suspension can be decreased by dichloromethane, the well dispersed m-GO/dichloromethane was added into UHMWPE suspension to improve m-GO dispersion in UHMWPE fibers. Finally, UHMWPE fibers with different m-GO concentration were prepared using gel spinning technology. The effect of m-GO concentration on the structure and properties of modified UHMWPE fibers were investigated. The results indicated that the melting temperature and crystallinity of m-GO modified UHMWPE fibers increased with increasing of m-GO concentration, while the fiber's crystal sizes and orientation increased, thus the tensile strength of m-GO modified UHMWPE fibers remained almost undamaged. The introduction of m-GO is beneficial to the formation of smooth transfer film on fiber's surface, which enhanced the self-lubrication of UHMWPE fibers. Compared with pure UHMWPE fiber, the UHMWPE fiber containing 1.5 wt% m-GO had enhanced wear resistance by 55.4% and still maintained high tensile strength of 29.98 cN dtex⁻¹.     

西北省间实时平衡电力市场探索

新能源出力的波动性和随机性影响电网实时平衡.中国西北电网新能源占比高、平衡资源时空分布不均衡,分省市场实时平衡困难,为此,文中设计西北省间实时平衡电力市场,以发挥西北省间实时平衡能力,适应高比例新能源电网实时平衡需要.首先,结合国内外电力市场建设与西北实时平衡现状,分析了建立西北省间实时平衡市场的必要性;然后,说明了双边竞价的市场运作思路,提出了基于潮流的市场耦合方法的市场竞价出清模型,设计了市场运作流程;最后,讨论了西北省间实时平衡市场与其他市场之间的协调运作,通过模拟算例说明了西北省间实时平衡市场的作用.     

基于运行数据的短期风电功率预测误差互补特性探析

随着风电装机容量的不断增加,风电场、风电场集群功率预测误差对调度运行的影响越来越大.当前风电预测误差特性研究主要针对单个风电场,无法满足当前电网调度运行需求.基于此,文中首先统计分析了大量风电场的分布特性,总结了不同规模风电场集群预测误差分布特性的变化规律,探索了集群预测误差概率分布的最佳拟合模型.然后,针对预测误差分布对未来的指导作用,提出了误差分布持续性的评价指标.最后,对风电预测误差研究的作用进行了较为全面的分析,并指出以风电场站集群为单位开展电网调度更具有工程适用性.     

永磁同步直线电机无模型电流控制

为改善永磁同步直线电机的动态响应性能,提高电机控制系统的鲁棒性,针对传统永磁同步直线电机PID控制方法中参数不确定性导致的控制不稳定问题,提出一种无模型电流控制方法.该文基于超局部模型设计永磁同步直线电机控制系统的无模型电流控制器,分别搭建PID控制和无模型电流控制系统,在此基础上进行稳态运行、负载突加减和电机参数摄动的仿真及实验对比.结果表明,所提方法改善了永磁同步直线电机控制系统的动态响应性能,对电机参数不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性.     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠作用下Ⅰ型水合物的生成热力学与动力学

通过使用表面活性剂来提升水合物的生成速度和转化率是提高水合物技术经济价值的主要方法。因为泡沫过多不利于生产,低起泡性的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）在水合物技术领域具有很好应用的潜力。本文根据对含PSS体系的水合物生成热力学研究,提出了乙烯-PSS溶液体系的热力学模型以定量描述PSS对水合物的热力学影响,该模型可较为准确地预测水合物的热力学临界生成压力：平均相对误差为1.1%,最大相对误差为3.8%。在上述研究基础上,本文研究了在PSS存在的情况下,PSS初始浓度和热力学推动力对Ⅰ型水合物的生成速度、最终转化率（水合物生成结束时的转化率）等参数的影响。结果表明,PSS对Ⅰ型水合物的热力学负面影响很小。PSS使水合物的最终转化率由59.6%±1.9%提升到80%以上,并使水合物的生成速度显著提升。当PSS初始浓度或压力低于特定值时,提高PSS初始浓度或压力可有效提升水合物的生成速度和最终转化率;但PSS初始浓度或压力高于特定值时,提高PSS初始浓度或压力对水合物生成速度和最终转化率的提升效果不再明显。     

流化催化裂化油浆综合利用的分析

流化催化裂化（FCC）油浆外甩量通常超过5%,需要脱固处理得到澄清油再利用。本文分析得出了向延迟焦化、溶剂脱沥青、减压蒸馏、加氢等重质油加工装置直接掺炼,局限性较大;利用减压蒸馏、溶剂抽提、超临界流体萃取等工艺,对澄清油“掐头去尾”,分离组分可生产针状焦、环保橡胶填充油、沥青树脂以及碳素纤维等高附加值产品。油浆组分通过延迟焦化制备针状焦,是工业化应用主体方向,但国内产品质量与国外尚有很大差距;油浆制备环保橡胶填充油,在降低环保橡胶油多环芳烃（PCA）和8种危害性稠环芳烃（PAHs）分别至3%和10mg/kg以下的同时,必须提高芳碳率（C_A）值至10%以上来保持橡胶相容性,其收率及生产成本是工业化应用推广的制约因素。     

天然气开采企业生态环境保护监督要点探讨

天然气开采过程会产生废水、废气、噪声和固体废弃物,若管控不当将对生态环境造成影响和威胁,开展生态环境保护监督是提升企业生态环保管理,促进生态环境保护措施落实的重要手段。对此,本文阐述了天然气钻井、采气、集输、净化等过程的产污环节,并结合环保管理的要素提出了天然气开采企业生态环境保护监督内容,主要包括习近平生态文明思想贯彻落实、排污许可执行、建设项目环评与“三同时”合规管理、环境风险管控与隐患治理、清洁生产与温室气体管控、污染防治、环保培训与统计等。根据天然气开采行业特点,归纳总结了“查”、“看”、“问”、“听”、“演”、“测”、“考”、“录”的监督方法建议,提出了以标准化监督结合智能化与信息化监督,并以专项监督、日常监督和多级监督的生态环境保护监督模式。