Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete at low fiber volume fraction

Concretes containing different types of hybrid fibers at the same volume fraction (0.5%) were compared in terms of compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural properties. Three types of hybrid composites were constructed using fiber combinations of polypropylene (PP) and carbon, carbon and steel, and steel and PP fibers. Test results showed that the fibers, when used in a hybrid form, could result in superior composite performance compared to their individual fiber-reinforced concretes. Among the three types of hybrids, the carbon-steel combination gave concrete of the highest strength and flexural toughness because of the similar modulus and the synergistic interaction between the two reinforcing fibers.     

A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK OF TARGETED MARKETING USING CUSTOMER PREFERENCES

One of the fundamental tasks of targeted marketing is to elicit associations between customers and products. Based on the results from information retrieval and utility theory, this article proposes a unified framework of targeted marketing. The customer judgments of products are formally described by preference relations and the connections of customers and products are quantitatively measured by market value functions. Two marketing strategies, known as the customer‐oriented and product‐oriented marketing strategies, are investigated. Four marketing models are introduced and examined. They represent, respectively, the relationships between a group of customers and a group of products, between a group of customers and a single product, between a single customer and a group of products, and between a single customer and a single product. Linear and bilinear market value functions are suggested and studied. The required parameters of a market value function can be estimated by exploring three types of information, namely, customer profiles, product profiles, and transaction data. Experiments on a real‐world data set are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Side-Surface Structure of a Commercial β-Silicon Carbide Whisker

The side surfaces of a commercial β-SiC whisker were analyzed by calculating the surface energy and observing the microstructure of the whiskers. The results indicated that the side surfaces displayed a type of zigzag structure and were composed of {111}, {110}, and {100} crystal planes.     

Polar and Non-Polar Solvent Permeation Resistance of Blow-Molded Bottles of Polyethylene/Blends of Modified Polyamide and Polyamide 6 Clay Nanocomposite

Investigations on white spirit and acetone permeation resistance of modified polyamide and nylon 6 clay (MPANYC) blends and their corresponding polyethylene/MPANYC bottles were reported in this study. The white spirit and acetone permeation resistance of MPANYC sheets improve consistently with increasing NYC contents present in MPANYC resins after blending nylon 6 clay (NYC) in modified polyamide (MPA) resins. However, the order of barrier improvement of the PE/MPANYC and PE/NYC bottle specimens is not corresponding to the order of barrier improvement of the MPANYC and/or NYC barrier resins added in PE. The blow-molded PE/NYC bottle specimen exhibits similarly worse white spirit and acetone solvent permeation resistance as the PE bottle specimen, wherein no clearly formed NYC laminas but only dispersed NYC droplets or agglomerates were found on the fracture surfaces of the PE/NYC bottles. However, after blending optimum compositions of MPANYC in PE, the PE/MPANYC bottles with demarcated MPANYC laminas exhibit significantly better white spirit and acetone permeation resistance than the PE/MPA bottle, wherein the white spirit and acetone permeation rates of the PE/MPA₈NYC₁ bottle are about 1.3 and 1.4 times slower than those of the PE/MPA bottle, respectively. In order to understand these interesting barrier properties of PE/MPANYC and PE/NYC bottles, rheological, thermal, wide angle X-ray diffraction and morphological properties of the base MPANYC and NYC resins and their corresponding morphology present in the blow-molded bottles were investigated.     

Augment low-field intra-operative MRI with preoperative MRI using a hybrid non-rigid registration method

Background

Preoperatively acquired diffusion tensor image (DTI) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) have been proved to be effective in providing more anatomical and functional information; however, the brain deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection severely impairs the correspondence between the image space and the patient space in image-guided neurosurgery.

Method

To address the brain deformation, we developed a hybrid non-rigid registration method to register high-field preoperative MRI with low-field intra-operative MRI in order to recover the deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection. The registered DTI and BOLD are fused with low-field intra-operative MRI for image-guided neurosurgery.

Results

The proposed hybrid registration method was evaluated by comparing the landmarks predicted by the hybrid registration method with the landmarks identified in the low-field intra-operative MRI for 10 patients. The prediction error of the hybrid method is 1.92 ± 0.54 mm, and the compensation accuracy is 74.3 ± 5.0%. Compared to the landmarks far from the resection region, those near the resection region demonstrated a higher compensation accuracy (P-value = .003) although these landmarks had larger initial displacements.

Conclusions

The proposed hybrid registration method is able to bring preoperatively acquired BOLD and DTI into the operating room and compensate for the deformation to augment low-field intra-operative MRI with rich anatomical and functional information.     

格灵化工基于SmartPro的DCS系统设计与应用

介绍北京和利时公司开发的SmartPro MACS Ⅲ型DCS系统在格灵化工硫酸装置中的应用.DCS系统包括硬件组成、软件设计及控制功能实现.该控制系统稳定可靠、控制精度高.在提高生产装置自动化水平的同时,使硫酸产品质量提高,生产成本大幅度降低.     

具有光学活性的β-羟基丁酸甲酯的生物合成

以乙酰乙酸甲酯为原料,从不同的酵母中筛选出合适的酵母作为催化剂,合成具有光学活性的β-羟基丁酸甲酯,考察了反应时间、菌体浓度、辅助底物葡萄糖、缓冲液的pH值、反应温度和底物浓度对反应的影响。结果表明,以面包酵母作催化剂,催化性能良好。比较好的反应条件为反应时间4h,菌体浓度50g/L,葡萄糖浓度0.6mol/L,底物浓度0.05mol/L,pH值7,35℃.在该条件下,β-羟基丁酸甲酯的收率达57%,对映体过量值达92%.     

杂多酸催化剂合成漂白活化剂TAED

探讨了以乙二胺、乙酸、和乙酸酐作为原料，采用两步法在杂多酸（HSiW)催化剂作用下制备活性漂白剂四乙酰乙二胺（TAED）的合成工艺条件。得出两步法的最佳条件是：乙二胺：乙酸（物质的量）＝1：2．5，反应温度约120℃，反应时间1．5h；乙二胺：乙酸酐（物质的量）＝1：4，反应温度为140℃，反应时间4h。TAED的产率与杂多酸催化剂性能的好坏有较紧密的关系。     

陶瓷墙地砖铅溶出量的探讨

通过对陶瓷墙地砖的坯釉原料、化学成份、生产工艺流程和产品的铅溶出量检测逐一分析研究,从理论和实践的结合上探讨了陶瓷墙地砖铅溶出量的问题。     

热处理-机械粉碎法分离废弃混凝土中骨料与基质胶凝组分

利用热处理与机械粉碎相结合的方法进行了废弃混凝土中骨料与基质胶凝组分的分离试验研究。将废弃混凝土在150℃,250℃,350℃和500℃下进行热处理，然后分别在球磨机和振动磨中粉碎，考察了骨料与基质胶凝组分的分离效率，并分析了骨料与基质的分离机理。试验结果表明。随着热处理温度的提高，分离效率显著提高；热处理温度较低时，球磨粉碎的分离效率高于振动粉碎，但500℃热处理后，振动粉碎的分离效率高于球磨粉碎。