A Hybrid Strategy-Based Ultra-Narrow Stretchable Microelectrodes with Cell-Level Resolution

Stretchable ultra-narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra-narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long-term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio-interfacial ultra-narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra-narrow multi-channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser-assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm-width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine-size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes.     

Functional Materials for Memristor-Based Reservoir Computing: Dynamics and Applications

The booming development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires faster physical processing units as well as more efficient algorithms. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) has emerged as an alternative brain-inspired framework for fast learning with low training cost, since only the weights associated with the output layers should be trained. Physical RC becomes one of the leading paradigms for computation using high-dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic substrates. Among them, memristor appears to be a simple, adaptable, and efficient framework for constructing physical RC since they exhibit nonlinear features and memory behavior, while memristor-implemented artificial neural networks display increasing popularity towards neuromorphic computing. In this review, the memristor-implemented RC systems from the following aspects: architectures, materials, and applications are summarized. It starts with an introduction to the RC structures that can be simulated with memristor blocks. Specific interest then focuses on the dynamic memory behaviors of memristors based on various material systems, optimizing the understanding of the relationship between the relaxation behaviors and materials, which provides guidance and references for building RC systems coped with on-demand application scenarios. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of memristor-based physical RC systems are surveyed. In the end, the further prospects of memristor-implemented RC system in a material view are envisaged.     

基于机器学习的超声造影分析综述

超声造影（Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CEUS）通过外周静脉注入超声造影剂,显著增强来自肿瘤微血管的血流信号,便于临床医生以实时、动态的方式评估肿瘤血管生成、周边浸润等,广泛应用于多器官病变诊断、预后评估和治疗方案规划等方面。近年来,以深度学习为代表的机器学习方法快速发展,为动态超声造影智能分析带来新的机遇。深度学习方法很大程度上拓宽了超声造影临床应用范围,提高了其诊疗效能。但与常规超声影像类似,超声造影仍然存在斑点噪声、呼吸运动干扰和标准化程度低等问题,使得动态灌注时间、空间信息挖掘面临挑战。本文系统性回顾了近年来超声造影智能分析相关工作,涵盖良恶性鉴别、恶性分级、疗效预测和诊疗方案选择等方面应用,总结了当前影像组学及深度学习方法在超声造影分析领域的最新进展,并指出当前研究的局限性和未来发展方向。     

Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking for General Networked Games With Bounded Disturbances

This paper is concerned with anti-disturbance Nash equilibrium seeking for games with partial information. First, reduced-order disturbance observer-based algorithms are proposed to achieve Nash equilibrium seeking for games with first-order and second-order players, respectively. In the developed algorithms, the observed disturbance values are included in control signals to eliminate the influence of disturbances, based on which a gradient-like optimization method is implemented for each player. Second, a signum function based distributed algorithm is proposed to attenuate disturbances for games with second-order integrator-type players. To be more specific, a signum function is involved in the proposed seeking strategy to dominate disturbances, based on which the feedback of the velocity-like states and the gradients of the functions associated with players achieves stabilization of system dynamics and optimization of players’ objective functions. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, it is proven that the players’ actions can approach a small region around the Nash equilibrium by utilizing disturbance observer-based strategies with appropriate control gains. Moreover, exponential (asymptotic) convergence can be achieved when the signum function based control strategy (with an adaptive control gain) is employed. The performance of the proposed algorithms is tested by utilizing an integrated simulation platform of virtual robot experimentation platform (V-REP) and MATLAB.      

结合数据增强和改进 YOLOv4 的水下目标检测算法

针对水下低质量成像、水下目标形态大小各异、以及水下目标重叠或遮挡导致水下目标检测精度低的问题,提出一种结合数据增强和改进YOLOv4(you look only once)的水下目标检测算法,在YOLOv4的主干特征提取网络CSPDarknet53中添加卷积块注意力机制(convolutional block attention module, CBAM),以提高网络模型特征提取能力;在路径聚合网络(path aggregation network, PANet)中添加同层跳接和跨层跳接结构,以增强网络模型多尺度特征融合能力;通过数据增强方法PredMix(prediction-mix)模拟水下生物重叠、遮挡等显示不完全的情形,以增强网络模型鲁棒性。实验结果表明,结合数据增强和改进YOLOv4的水下目标检测算法在URPC2018(underwater robot picking control 2018)数据集上的检测精度提升到了78.39%,比YOLOv4高出7.03%,充分证明所提算法的有效性。     

多源域子域自适应的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法

针对单一源域信息有限、域自适应对齐粒度不足导致滚动轴承剩余寿命( remain useful life, RUL)预测精度低的问题, 提出了一种多源域子域自适应(multi-source subdomain adaption network, MS_SAN)的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法。 首先,将采 集的原始振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换得到频域信号作为模型的输入。 其次,利用一维卷积将多个源域与目标域数据映射到 一个公共的特征空间,采用局部最大均值差异将每个源域与目标域的退化阶段在独立的特征空间进行领域自适应,缩小多个源 域与目标域之间的分布差异。 最后,通过综合各领域 RUL 预测模块的输出得到最终轴承剩余寿命预测结果。 在 PHM2012 数 据集上的测试结果表明该方法的预测准确率高于对比方法,能够对滚动轴承剩余寿命进行有效的预测。     

融合 CEEMD 和 TCN 的受热面积灰预测研究

对锅炉受热面积灰程度的有效预测,可为锅炉提升生产效率和故障预警提供重要依据。 采用清洁因子来评估受热面的 灰污沉积状况,针对其序列非线性、非平稳性的特点,提出一种基于互补集合经验模态分解与时间卷积网络的受热面积灰预测 方法。 首先,通过互补集合经验模态分解将经过小波阈值去噪处理后的原始序列分解为一组子序列分量;然后,针对不同子序 列分别构建基于时间卷积网络的时序预测模型,并优化网络超参数提升预测准确性;最后,将各 IMF 分量的预测结果叠加得出 清洁因子的预测数值。 由实验结果可得,相较于其他两种模型,预测精度分别提高 62. 1%和 57. 1%,CEEMD-TCN 模型对受热 面积灰状况预测精度最高,验证了该模型的准确性和可靠性。     

考虑冗余系统时变故障率和更新过程的MMC可靠性建模及其应用

针对现有模块化多电平换流器(modular multi-level converter, MMC)可靠性计算中未充分考虑冗余系统故障率时变性和缺乏考虑更新过程,从而不能科学衡量MMC可靠性的问题,提出了一种考虑MMC冗余系统故障率时变性并引入N阶梯更新过程的MMC可靠性建模方法。首先,从冗余程度、冗余方式角度细化MMC冗余系统的分类,建立可靠度与故障率间的数学解析关系来量化表征冗余系统故障率时变的变化特性,分析传统马尔科夫模型所计算的冗余系统故障率过小而导致可靠性计算结果偏高的不合理问题;其次,利用N阶梯故障率取代传统MMC冗余系统的时变故障率,并同时引入更新过程理论推导MMC的平均无故障工作时间(mean time to failure, MTTF)和稳态可用度公式,以此修正传统MMC可靠性参数计算结果偏高的问题。最后,以半桥子模块的MMC为例,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

一种紧凑型三陷波 UWB-MIMO 天线的设计

提出了一种紧凑型的三陷波超宽带多输入多输出(ultra wideband multiple-input multiple,UWB-MIMO)天线,将半圆形与 正六边形结合作为辐射贴片,接地板引入带“梳子”缝隙状 T 型枝节来实现较高的隔离度,天线尺寸为 36 mm×18 mm×1. 6 mm。 通过在辐射贴片上刻蚀倒“Ω” 形槽,在馈线上刻蚀类“U” 形槽以及贴片旁引入类“U” 形枝节的方式实现 WiMAX( 3. 3 ~ 3. 6 GHz)、WLAN 部分频段(5. 725~ 5. 825 GHz)和 X 波段下行频率(7. 25 ~ 7. 75 GHz) 3 个频段的陷波。 仿真与实测结果均表 明,该 UWB-MIMO 天线的工作带宽为 1. 9 ~ 10. 6 GHz,相对带宽达到 139%,3 个陷波频段为 2. 9 ~ 3. 7 GHz、5. 6 ~ 6. 0 GHz 和 7. 05~ 7. 76 GHz,且隔离度大于 20 dB,包络相关系数 ECC<0. 003,说明天线在各方面特性良好,可以满足 UWB-MIMO 天线的 要求。