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111.
H.J. Bolink E. Coronado D. Repetto M. Sessolo E.M. Barea J. Bisquert G. Garcia‐Belmonte J. Prochazka L. Kavan 《Advanced functional materials》2008,18(1):145-150
A new type of bottom‐emission electroluminescent device is described in which a metal oxide is used as the electron‐injecting contact. The preparation of such a device is simple. It consists of the deposition of a thin layer of a metal oxide on top of an indium tin oxide covered glass substrate, followed by the solution processing of the light‐emitting layer and subsequently the deposition of a high‐workfunction (air‐stable) metal anode. This architecture allows for a low‐cost electroluminescent device because no rigorous encapsulation is required. Electroluminescence with a high brightness reaching 5700 cd m–2 is observed at voltages as low as 8 V, demonstrating the potential of this new approach to organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. Unfortunately the device efficiency is rather low because of the high current density flowing through the device. We show that the device only operates after the insertion of an additional hole‐injection layer in between the light‐emitting polymer (LEP) and the metal anode. A simple model that explains the experimental results and provides avenues for further optimization of these devices is described. It is based on the idea that the barrier for electron injection is lowered by the formation of a space–charge field over the metal‐oxide–LEP interface due to the build up of holes in the LEP layer close to this interface. 相似文献
112.
Shu‐Li Sun Jing Ma Nan Lv 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2008,22(10):932-948
Based on the optimal fusion estimation algorithm weighted by scalars in the linear minimum variance sense, a distributed optimal fusion Kalman filter weighted by scalars is presented for discrete‐time stochastic singular systems with multiple sensors and correlated noises. A cross‐covariance matrix of filtering errors between any two sensors is derived. When the noise statistical information is unknown, a distributed identification approach is presented based on correlation functions and the weighted average method. Further, a distributed self‐tuning fusion filter is given, which includes two stage fusions where the first‐stage fusion is used to identify the noise covariance and the second‐stage fusion is used to obtain the fusion state filter. A simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
113.
114.
镍氢电池负极用低成本储氢合金的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了ABS型储氢合金在低Co含量条件下,随B组元替代元素Co,Al,Si等含量的变化对合金电化学性能的影响规律,同时研究了A组元中不同La/Ce比对合金电化学性能的影响情况。结果表明,随合金中Co含量的降低,合金的活化性能和放电容量得以改善,但合金的循环寿命下降也比较明显;在试验范围内,随Al元素的加入,合金的循环寿命得以改善,但材料的放电容量和活化性能均有所下降;随合金La/Ce比的降低,合金的放电容量略有下降,但其循环寿命和放电电压平台有较大提高。 相似文献
115.
随着近几年我国房地产事业蓬勃发展,因此研究和探讨工程概预算的技术数据是项目管理工作中的重要信息,也是房地产加强工程造价有效控制的重要途径,本文结合工作实际,就如何积累工程造价经验数据,谈一点个人的体会。 相似文献
116.
Lie‐Fern Hsu 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2007,23(2):269-272
He and Grigoryan (Quality and Reliability Engineering International 2002; 18 :343–355) formulated the design of a double‐sampling (DS) s control chart as an optimization problem and solved it with a genetic algorithm. They concluded that the DS s control charts can be a more economically preferable alternative in detecting small shifts than traditional s control charts. We explain that, since they only considered the average sample size when the process is in control, their conclusion is questionable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
117.
沸石孔结构对1-己烯异构化性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用1-己烯为原料,对硅铝比相近、不同孔结构的沸石在脉冲微反装置上进行了评价试验,考察了FCC条件下沸石孔结构对烯烃异构化性能的影响。结果表明,大孔径的Y型沸石具有良好的异构化性能,异构化能力由强到弱的排列顺序为Y>β>ZRP>丝光沸石>镁碱沸石。 相似文献
118.
119.
Qianchuan Zhao 《Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on》2004,49(6):967-970
Min-max systems, or min-max-plus systems are algebraic models of discrete-event dynamic systems. They are nonlinear extensions of the well known linear max-plus system models. The structural property "inseparability" of min-max systems was proposed by us in a recent paper. It turns out that inseparability is equivalent to the property of "irreducibility" proposed recently by van der Woude and Subiono, although the two properties appear in very different forms. We will prove this fact here. 相似文献
120.
Yanqing Ji Hao Ying John Yen Shizhuo Zhu Daniel C. Barth‐Jones Richard E. Miller R. Michael Massanari 《国际智能系统杂志》2007,22(8):827-845
Discovering unknown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in postmarketing surveillance as early as possible is highly desirable. Nevertheless, current postmarketing surveillance methods largely rely on spontaneous reports that suffer from serious underreporting, latency, and inconsistent reporting. Thus these methods are not ideal for rapidly identifying rare ADRs. The multiagent systems paradigm is an emerging and effective approach to tackling distributed problems, especially when data sources and knowledge are geographically located in different places and coordination and collaboration are necessary for decision making. In this article, we propose an active, multiagent framework for early detection of ADRs by utilizing electronic patient data distributed across many different sources and locations. In this framework, intelligent agents assist a team of experts based on the well‐known human decision‐making model called Recognition‐Primed Decision (RPD). We generalize the RPD model to a fuzzy RPD model and utilize fuzzy logic technology to not only represent, interpret, and compute imprecise and subjective cues that are commonly encountered in the ADR problem but also to retrieve prior experiences by evaluating the extent of matching between the current situation and a past experience. We describe our preliminary multiagent system design and illustrate its potential benefits for assisting expert teams in early detection of previously unknown ADRs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 827–845, 2007. 相似文献