Small Changes,Big Impact: Tungsten Bronzes with Extremely Large Second Harmonic Generation Achieved by the Transition Metal Doping on the B-Site

Two novel transition metal-doped tungsten bronze oxides, Pb_2.15Li_0.85Nb_4.85Ti_0.15O₁₅ (PLNT) and Pb_2.15Li_0.55Nb_4.85W_0.15O₁₅ (PLNW), are synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions. The Rietveld method using the high-resolution synchrotron radiation indicates that PLNT and PLNW crystallize in the orthorhombic polar noncentrosymmetric space group, Pmn2₁ (no. 31). As a class of tungsten bronze oxide, PLNT and PLNW retain a unique rigid framework composed of d⁰ transition metal cation (Ti⁴⁺ or W⁶⁺)-doped highly distorted NbO₆ octahedra along with the subsequently generated Pb/LiO₁₂ and PbO₁₅ polyhedra. Interestingly, the d⁰ transition metal-doped tungsten bronzes, PLNT and PLNW, exhibit extremely large second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses of 56 and 67 × KH₂PO₄, respectively. The observed immeasurably strong SHG is mainly attributed to a net polarization originating from the alignment of highly distorted NbO₆ octahedra with doped transition metals in the frameworks. It is believed that doping transition metal cations at the B-site of the tungsten bronze structures should be an innovative strategy to develop novel high-performance nonlinear optical materials.     

拟态路由器TCP代理设计实现与形式化验证研究

拟态路由器基于拟态防御的动态异构冗余架构进行设计,对于未知漏洞后门具有良好的防御能力。协议代理在拟态路由器中处于内外联络的枢纽位置,协议代理的安全性和功能正确性对于拟态路由器有着重要意义。本文设计实现了拟态路由器的TCP协议代理,并采用形式化方法,对其安全性和功能正确性进行了验证。TCP协议代理嗅探邻居和主执行体之间的TCP报文,模拟邻居和从执行体建立TCP连接,并向上层应用层协议代理提供程序接口。基于分离逻辑与组合思想,采用Verifast定理证明器,对TCP协议代理的低级属性,包括指针安全使用、无内存泄露、无死代码等,进行了验证;同时,还对TCP协议代理的各主要功能模块的部分高级属性进行了形式化验证。搭建了包含3个执行体的拟态路由器实验环境,对实现结果进行了实际测试,结果表明所实现的TCP代理实现了预期功能。TCP协议代理实现总计1611行C代码,其中形式化验证所需人工引导定理检查器书写的证明共计588行。实际开发过程中,书写代码实现与书写人工证明所需的时间约为1:1。本文对TCP协议代理的实现与形式化验证工作证明了将形式化验证引入拟态路由器的关键组件开发中是确实可行的,且证明代价可以接受。     

LCL型并网逆变器临界无源阻尼参数设计

LCL滤波器因其良好的滤波性能被广泛应用于并网逆变器系统中。然而,LCL滤波器的固有谐振特性以及数字控制延时会严重危及系统稳定性。为提高系统鲁棒性,工程上通常采用无源阻尼方法以抑制滤波器谐振。由于滤波器谐振问题受多种因素影响,阻尼电阻的选取标准通常是模糊的。为准确、高效地设计阻尼电阻,文章结合阻尼电阻与滤波电容串联和与滤波电容并联两种典型无源阻尼方法,推导分析了“临界阻尼”指标。当系统阻尼大于临界阻尼时,LCL滤波器幅频特性曲线上的谐振峰被完全抑制,同时以最少的无源阻尼损耗为代价,充分保证了基于LCL滤波器的并网逆变器系统稳定性。此外,文章在PLECS软件中进行三相并网逆变器系统仿真,仿真结果验证了理论分析的有效性和正确性。     

应用于负载侧的分布式电压控制的仿真研究

负载侧无功装置具有储能少、控制简单等优点,应用于负载侧来平衡由无功变化引起的电压波动。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了一个负载侧无功装置的仿真模型,观察负载侧无功装置接入前后的电压波形的变化情况,来说明负载侧无功装置的稳压能力。首先观察无功损耗增加或减少时的稳压能力,然后观察无功损耗随机变化时负载侧无功装置的稳压能力。仿真结果表明,负载侧无功装置具有很好的稳压性能。     

抛锚状态下的船载地波雷达目标自适应检测方法

船载地波雷达可利用船载平台机动灵活的特点,扩展地波雷达探测范围,但也会由于平台的运动,影响目标探测性能. 针对船载平台抛锚运动引起艏向变化和目标回波展宽范围不规则导致目标检测性能下降的问题,提出了一种适用于平台抛锚状态时的船载地波雷达目标自适应检测方法. 首先,从平台抛锚时船载地波雷达的目标回波特性和检测背景统计特性两个方面来分析目标检测中的难题. 然后,基于理论仿真与实测数据的分析结果,提出目标自适应检测方法. 该方法先通过前端数据的预处理消除艏向变化带来的影响,再将处理结果进行检测背景的自适应选取并作统计特性转化处理,经过恒虚警率检测后得到检测结果. 最后,利用实测数据对本文提出的方法进行验证. 结果表明:本文提出的船载地波雷达目标自适应检测方法能够有效解决船载平台抛锚时的目标检测难题,可显著提高抛锚状态下船载地波雷达的目标探测能力.     

Traffic sign detection based on improved faster R-CNN for autonomous driving

The timely and accurate identification of traffic signs plays a significant role in realizing the autonomous driving of vehicles. However, the size of traffic signs accounts for a low proportion of the input picture, which increases the difficulty of detection. This paper proposes an improved faster R-CNN traffic sign detection method. ResNet50-D feature extractor, attention-guided context feature pyramid network (ACFPN), and AutoAugment technology are designed for the faster R-CNN model. ResNet50-D is selected as the backbone network to obtain more characteristic information. ACFPN is performed to decrease the loss of contextual information. And data augmentation and transfer learning are adopted to make model training more convenient and time-saving. To prove the availability of the proposed method, we compare it with mainstream approaches (SSD, YOLOv3, RetinaNet, cascade R-CNN, FCOS, and CornerNet-Squeeze) and state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results on the CCTSDB dataset show that the improved faster R-CNN achieves the frames per second of 29.8 and the mean average precision of 99.5%, which is superior to the state-of-the-art methods and more suitable for traffic sign detection. Moreover, the proposed model is extended to the Tsinghua-Tencent 100 K (TT100K) dataset and also achieves a competitive detection result.

     

A Cost‐Efficient Bifunctional Ultrathin Nanosheets Array for Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting

The design of cost‐efficient earth‐abundant catalysts with superior performance for the electrochemical water splitting is highly desirable. Herein, a general strategy for fabricating superior bifunctional water splitting electrodes is reported, where cost‐efficient earth‐abundant ultrathin Ni‐based nanosheets arrays are directly grown on nickel foam (NF). The newly created Ni‐based nanosheets@NF exhibit unique features of ultrathin building block, 3D hierarchical structure, and alloy effect with the optimized Ni₅Fe layered double hydroxide@NF (Ni₅Fe LDH@NF) exhibiting low overpotentials of 210 and 133 mV toward both oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction at 10 mA cm^?2 in alkaline condition, respectively. More significantly, when applying as the bifunctional overall water splitting electrocatalyst, the Ni₅Fe LDH@NF shows an appealing potential of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm^?2 and also superior durability at the very high current density of 50 mA cm^?2.     

非晶硅薄膜晶化方法

多晶硅薄膜由于具有较高的载流子迁移率和良好的光电性能,广泛应用于集成电路及光电器件中,尤其在太阳电池领域引起了广泛关注。多晶材料晶界处会发生载流子的复合,降低载流子寿命。结晶度与晶粒尺寸是多晶硅薄膜取得良好性能的关键因素,直接制备的多晶硅薄膜一般晶粒尺寸较小、晶界较多,所以常采用非晶硅晶化法制备出晶粒尺寸较大的多晶硅薄膜。介绍了几种常见的非晶硅薄膜晶化方法,总结了各种晶化方法的机理和制备的薄膜的物理性质。     

轴承转子系统的失稳监测

在现场条件下,用随机减量技术从运行机械中提取出对轴承转子系统稳定性敏感的模态参数（系统的最低阶自然频率和阻尼比）,用这些参数对系统的失稳实施监测,实际应用的结果表明,用这种方法可以及早地发现系统潜在的失稳．