Fabrication of X-ray imaging zone plates by e-beam and X-ray lithography

X-ray imaging and microscopy techniques have been developed in worldwide due to their capabilities of large penetration power and high spatial resolution. Fresnel zone plates is considered to be one of the most convenient optic devices for X-ray imaging and microscopy system. The zone plates with aspect ratio of 7 and 13 have been fabricated by e-beam lithography combined with X-ray lithography in this paper. Firstly, the X-ray lithography mask of zone plates with outermost zone width of 100 nm was fabricated by e-beam lithography and gold electroplating techniques. Secondly, the zone plates with gold profile thickness of 700 and 1,300 nm were replicated by X-ray lithography and gold electroplating techniques. X-ray imaging and microscopy techniques were introduced to characterize the high-aspect-ratio zone plates’ inner structures. At the X-ray energy of 7.5 keV, the first-order focusing efficiency of zone plates with gold profile thickness of 700 nm is about 8.63%.     

三聚氰胺修饰电极同位镀铋膜测定镉离子

采用电聚合方法制备三聚氰胺修饰玻碳电极(PM/GC),然后在其表面同位镀铋膜,研究Cd2+在该电极上的溶出伏安行为,并与裸玻碳电极(GC)同位镀铋膜电极上Cd2+的溶出伏安行为进行比较.研究表明,镉在同位镀铋膜的PM/GC电极上可得到灵敏的溶出峰.在优化的实验条件下,镉的氧化峰电流与其在1.0×10～1.O×10-6mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测下限为5.0×10-8mol/L.由于每次溶出后可方便地将铋膜溶解更新,该方法重现性好.使用铋膜电极替代汞膜电极还有利于保护环境.     

软件工程专业“网络安全”课程教学改革探索与实践

该文围绕培养应用型人才,突出应用能力培养这个目标出发,从教学内容、教学组织和方法、实践环节、能力培养四个方面进行网络安全课程教学改革探讨。     

嵌入式设备的智能化电源管理系统

在分析传统嵌入式系统电源管理的基础上,主要从策略角度分析传统电源管理存在的弊端,提出智能化电源系统应具备的特点,并提出一套嵌入式设备智能化电源管理系统的完整方案。实践验证了此方案的高效性能。     

AdaBoost-based face detection for embedded systems

Face detection is a widely studied topic in computer vision, and recent advances in algorithms, low cost processing, and CMOS imagers make it practical for embedded consumer applications. As with graphics, the best cost-performance ratio is achieved with dedicated hardware. In this paper, we design an embedded face detection system for handheld digital cameras or camera phones. The challenges of face detection in embedded environments include an efficient pipeline design, bandwidth constraints set by low cost memory, a need to find parallelism, and how to utilize the available hardware resources efficiently. In addition, consumer applications require reliability which calls for a hard real-time approach to guarantee that processing deadlines are met. Specifically, the main contributions of the paper include: (1) incorporation of a Genetic Algorithm in the AdaBoost training to optimize the detection performance given the number of Haar features; (2) a complexity control scheme to meet hard real-time deadlines; (3) a hardware pipeline design for Haar-like feature calculation and a system design exploiting several levels of parallelism. The proposed architecture is verified by synthesis to Altera’s low cost Cyclone II FPGA. Simulation results show the system can achieve about 75–80% detection rate for group portraits.     

Multi-objective optimization of multicast overlays for collaborative applications

Current real-time collaborative application implementations use dedicated infrastructure to carry out all communication and synchronization activities. Specifically, they require all end nodes to communicate directly with and through the central server. In this paper, we investigate scenarios in which the most resource intensive functionality of continuous communication among collaborators to disseminate changes is decentralized, utilizing the end users themselves as relays. We observe that communication characteristics of real-time collaboration makes use of existing multicast mechanisms unsuitable. As collaborative editing sessions are typically long and repeated, it is possible to gather and leverage node behavior (their instabilities and frequency of sending updates) and communication links (latencies and average costs). Several criteria to determine the quality of a multicast tree can be identified: cost, latency and instability. In this paper, we analyze the complexity of the problem of finding optimal communication topologies, and propose approximate algorithms to optimize the same. We also consider the multiobjective problem in which we search for a topology that provides good trade-off between these sometimes conflicting measures. Validation of our proposed algorithms on numerous graphs shows that it is important to consider the multiobjective problem, as optimal solutions for one performance measure can be far from optimal for the other metrics. Finally, we briefly present an implementation of a communication library that uses the proposed algorithms to periodically adjust the dissemination tree.     

Adaptive passive control with varying time delay

This paper presents a passive control scheme for a force reflecting bilateral teleoperation system with a varying time communication delay. To improve the stability and performance of the system, the master and slave must be coupled dynamically via a transmission network through which the force and velocity are communicated bilaterally. However, the time delay caused by various factors, such as the transmission distance, network congestion, and communication bandwidth, is a long-standing impediment to bilateral control that can destabilize the system. In this study, we investigated how a varying time delay affects the stability of a teleoperation system. A new optimal adaptive approach based on a passive control scheme was designed bilaterally for both the master and slave sites. Extra variables were transmitted together with the wave variables in the scattering system. The proposed scheme achieved both passive control, and an acceptable tracking performance. The tracking performance was demonstrated using a computer simulation of varying time delays in a bilateral teleoperation system.     

Disturbance decoupled fault reconstruction using sliding mode observers

This paper investigates and presents conditions that guarantee disturbance decoupled fault reconstruction using sliding mode observers, which are less stringent than those of previous work, and show that disturbance reconstruction is not necessary. An aircraft model validates the ideas proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society