工业区及周边农业区土壤中二噁英污染水平及暴露风险

选取复合产业工业区及周边农业区土壤进行研究,重点研究了土壤中二噁英的污染水平及土壤摄食暴露风险。通过对14个采样点(包括1个背景点)的研究发现,工业区ΣPCDD/Fs的质量浓度为:1.00×10~3~1.87×10~4 ng/kg,毒性当量为:I-TEQ 3.32~22.9 ng/kg;农业区果园地ΣPCDD/Fs的质量浓度为:117~795 ng/kg,毒性当量为:I-TEQ 0.479~1.11 ng/kg;农业区菜地ΣPCDD/Fs的质量浓度为:717~1.48×10~3 ng/kg,毒性当量为:I-TEQ 1.35~1.76 ng/kg。背景点土壤中二噁英浓度相对较低,质量浓度值为:132 ng/kg,毒性当量为:0.331 ng/kg。对工业区及周边农业区土壤二噁英土壤摄食暴露风险研究结果表明,儿童土壤摄食暴露风险要高于成年人;同时无论是儿童还是成年人,其二噁英的土壤摄食暴露量都比较低。     

盾构隧道功能梯度混凝土管片的研发及性能研究

武汉长江隧道工程所面临的高压富水环境要求衬砌结构管片具有高抗渗、长寿命的性能。引入功能梯度材料设计原理,对钢筋混凝土管片进行功能梯度设计与优化,实现管片外层高防水抗渗、结构层提供强度及内衬层耐火的多重功能。同时采用适当的界面处理技术,保证管片各功能层的性能均匀过渡,实现功能和结构一体化设计。对结构层混凝土、保护层材料性能分别进行测试,测试结果表明,保护层材料具有优良的抗渗性能,相比普通混凝土氯离子扩散系数降低一个数量级,寿命提高10倍以上,优于目前国际上已报道的最好水平(6×10-13m2/s);结构层、保护层混凝土力学性能优良,强度满足设计要求,保护层材料强度达C70以上,主体结构层达到C50;保护层材料与结构层材料体积稳定性良好;耐酸性气体腐蚀性能大大增强,90d中性化深度不足1mm;同时,管片内衬层通过刷涂防火抗爆材料有效提升了管片的内层耐火性能,耐火极限是未经处理试件的4.72倍;最后通过实际的生产及检测,进一步证明了功能梯度混凝土管片具有较好的服役性能。     

SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶的制备工艺研究

以钛酸四丁酯(TBT)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,制备出TiO2和SiO2溶胶,研究了不同水解抑制剂以及水解抑制剂的用量对TiO2溶胶的影响.最终确定以HC1为水解抑制剂制备出稳定的TiO2溶胶;两种溶胶混合后,研究了pH值对复合凝胶透明度的影响.结果表明,当pH值为5.5时,凝胶时间适当且复合湿凝胶透明度较好;随着TiO2含量的增加,比表面积减小、锐钛矿衍射峰强度增强;从TEM图可以看出,锐钛矿型TiO2晶体均匀分散在SiO2气凝胶网络结构中.     

退火工艺对射频磁控溅射Bi:YIG薄膜磁性能的影响

对于用射频磁控溅射技术在Si基片上制备的Bi:YIG系薄膜,用快速循环退火方法对其进行晶化处理,研究了退火温度对Bi:YIG薄膜结晶状态和形貌的影响,以及退火气氛和循环周期对薄膜性能的影响.结果表明,用快速循环退火可以在si单晶基片上得到磁性能优良的薄膜(饱和磁化强度139 kA/m,矫顽力6.37 kA/m)并使薄膜形貌有较大改善,在石英基片上制备的薄膜法拉第角比常规退火的薄膜增大了约一倍.     

Effect of reconstruction beam polarization on the kinetics of anisotropic gratings in bacteriorhodopsin

Anisotropic gratings are recorded on bacteriorhodopsin films by two parallelly polarized beams, and the effect of the polarization orientation of the reconstructing beam on the diffraction efficiency kinetics is studied. A theoretical model for the diffraction efficiency kinetics of the anisotropic grating is developed by combining Jones-matrix and photochromic two-state theory. It is found that the polarization azimuth of the reconstructing beam produces a cosine modulation on the kinetics of the diffraction efficiency, being positive at the peak efficiency and negative for steady state. By adding auxiliary violet light during grating formation, the saturation of the grating can be restrained. As a result, the negative cosine modulation for the steady-state diffraction efficiency changes to a positive one. In addition, the steady-state diffraction efficiency is increased appreciably for all reconstructing polarization orientations.     

Application of high-temperature permanent magnets Sm（Co,Fe, Cu,Zr）z in PPM focusing system

Rare earth permanent magnets Sm（Co, Fe, Cu, Zr）z with outstanding performance and high-temperature thermal stability were fabricated. Optimized by Fe content and process, Sm（Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5 magnet with B1〉0.75 T and Hci〉1300 kA/m at 300 ℃ can be obtained. According to the performance data of Sm（Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5, the magnetic field along central axis Bz in periodic permanent magnet （PPM） focusing system was simulated using electromagnetic field analysis software Maxwell 2D/3D. The Bz exhibited typical cosine curve along central axis, and the peak value of Bz was high enough to meet the demand of PPM focusing system at room temperature even at 200±20 ℃. Additionally, a kind of simple cooling structure for PPM focusing system was designed by setting cooling pipe between polepieces. Simulated results showed that smooth cosine curve of Bz was successfully achieved with good control of the thickness of cooling pipe.     

Photochromic diarylethene for polarization holographic optical recording

Photochromic diarylethene, 1,2-bis[2-methyl-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocylcopentene (1a), was synthesized. The compound showed good photochromic reactions both in solution and in PMMA matrix by photo-irradiation. Using the diarylethene 1b/PMMA film as recording medium and a He-Ne laser for recording and readout, four types of polarization holographic optical recording were accomplished for the first time. The results show that the orthogonal circular polarization recording is the best method for holographic optical recording when the target photochromic diarylethene is used as recording material.     

工业纯铁表面联苯胺电化学修饰膜的缓蚀作用

研究了联苯胺在工业纯铁表面的电化学修饰,对修饰工艺条件进行了探索,并采用多种电化学方法研究了修饰膜在不同介质中的耐蚀性能,用现代物理表面分析技术对修饰膜的组成和结构进行了研究.研究结果表明,联苯胺修饰膜对工业纯铁有很好的保护作用,在弱酸性、氯化钠以及强碱性介质中有良好的阻蚀性能.根据实验结果,本文对修饰膜的缓蚀机理进行了探讨.     

离心流化床初始流化状态的研究(Ⅱ)实验研究

对离心流化床初始流化状态进行了实验研究。结果表明,下行程床层压降流速曲线的规律一致,流化时床层压降趋于稳定;上行程曲线受床体结构、物料装填方式和运行状况的影响很大。实验测定初始流化速度应采用下行程曲线。可视性实验证实了离心流化床逐层初始流化,已流化部分的床层物料充分混合。     

Pt-SO2-4/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸上正丁烷异构化反应的研究

制备了复合氧化物固体超强酸催化剂Pt-SO2-4/ZrO2-Al2O3,通过XRD、XPS、SEM、FT-IR等手段研究了其结构、表面性质及其对正丁烷异构化反应的催化活性.结果表明,适量的Al2O3稳定了四方晶相的ZrO2,抑制了ZrO2由四方晶相向单斜晶相的转变.掺杂Pt提高了正丁烷异构化反应的催化活性.采用w(Al)=1.5%的催化剂,异丁烷最高收率达37%,选择性达70%.