Thermodynamic Calculation of the Zirconia–Calcia System

An optimal thermodynamic data set for the zirconia–calcia system is evaluated by the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method applied to experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic data. The liquid and C _ss (cubic ZrO₂ solid solution) are described by a subregular solution model. Three compounds, CaZr₄O₉, Ca₆Zr₁₉O₄₄, and CaZrO₃, are modeled as stoichiometric compounds. A regular solution model is applied to the other phases. Comparisons between calculated and measured phase diagrams and thermodynamic quantities show that most of experimental information is satisfactorily accounted for by thermodynamic calculations. The calculations also reasonably predict the measured electromotive force concerning the metastable C _ss.     

Surface photografting polymerization of vinyl acetate,maleic anhydride,and their charge‐transfer complex. VI. Charge‐transfer complex (2)

The photografting copolymerization of a low‐density polyethylene/vinyl acetate (VAC)–maleic anhydride (MAH) binary monomer system was studied from the perspective of dynamics. The total conversion percentage (CP) and grafting conversion percentage (CG) were measured by gravimetry. On the basis of plots of CP and CG as functions of the polymerization time, the total polymerization rate (RP) and grafting polymerization rate (RG) were calculated. In addition, the apparent activation energy (E_a) and the reaction orders of the photografting polymerization under different reaction conditions, such as the total monomer concentration and the concentration of benzophenone (BP), were determined also. The results showed that, in comparison with the photografting polymerization of the two single monomers (VAC and MAH), RP and RG noticeably increased for the VAC–MAH binary monomer system. When the total monomer concentration was kept at 4M, the apparent E_a's of the three photografting polymerization systems were as follows: for VAC ([MAH]/[VAC] = 0/4), E_a's for the total polymerization and grafting polymerization were 41.00 and 43.90 kJ/mol, respectively; for MAH ([MAH]/[VAC] = 4/0, E_a's were 39.65 and 43.23 kJ/mol, respectively; and for the VAC–MAH binary monomer system, E_a's were 34.35 and 40.32 kJ/mol, respectively. These results suggested that the polymerization of the binary system occurred more readily than the other two. The reaction orders of RP with respect to the total monomer concentration of the monomers and the concentration of BP were 1.34 and 0.81, respectively. According to these investigations, it could be inferred that in the binary monomer system, both the free monomers and charge‐transfer complex took part in the polymerization; to the termination of the propagating chains, two possible pathways, unimolecular termination and bimolecular termination, coexisted in this binary monomer system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 910–915, 2005     

优选法在选择刀具角度中的运用

应用优选法确定刀具几何参数,优选得γ=20°,主偏角φ=81°,刃倾角λ=20°,使生产率提高3倍。     

双基推进剂硝胺脱湿及其键合剂分子设计

针对双嘶推进剂的能量的民力学性能降低的矛盾，阐述了ＲＤＸ、ＨＭＸ等环硝胺的脱湿现象。键合剂的选择与设计的难度，键合剂的分子主主其相关技术，键合剂的合成探索等问题。     

硫酸或金属氧化物负载的固体超强酸的制备及其在有机合成中的应用研究进展

本文介绍了硫酸或金属氧化物负载的固体超强酸的制备方法、酸强度测定、表面结构表征及其在有机合成中的应用等方面的研究进展。     

厌氧发酵处理味精废水中氯离子的影响

在3L 的CSTR 型厌氧反应器中研究了味精废水厌氧处理中氯离子毒性的反应。试验证明,已中毒的厌氧过程只要Cl~-浓度降至抑制限以下,厌氧过程就可在15～20d 内恢复,在恢复期间加入新污泥有利于恢复过程。保持足够大的SRT 和污泥浓度对于处理含有毒物的废水很有效。对本研究,SRT 得大于20d,污泥浓度在15～24g/L 左右就可达到较好的处理效率。Cl~-的抑制浓度对污泥浓度分别为24.28g/L,15.18g/L 和6.07g/L 时,Cl~-的抑制浓度分别是7750mg/L,7250mg/L和6300mg/L。此外,本文提出以I=S_(Cl)/X_v~n作为判断Cl~-抑制的指标。当COD 去除率大于80%时,n=0.1519。因此,要使过程的COD 去除率分别大于80%,85%和90%时,I 就得分别小于4.7,4.1和3.6。并且污泥浓度必须大于6.07g/L。     

回转窑传热模型与数值模拟

对回转窑内传热过程进行了分析 ,在已有研究基础上归纳了各项换热系数的关联式 ,尤其结合热渗透模型完善了回转壁面与料床之间传热机制的研究 ,并提出通用的计算关联式。进而提出了内热式炉型的一维轴向传热模型 ,并根据已发表的试验数据验证了该模型和各换热系数的适用性。计算表明在窑内低温段 ,物料的受热主要来自其覆盖的回转壁面对其加热 ;而在高温段 ,气体的辐射热量成为加热料床的主要热源。此外 ,由物料进口端沿轴向窑壁散热增大 ,在窑内高温段窑壁的散热甚至高于物料吸热量 ,因此在回转反应器的设计中应充分考虑窑壁散热造成的热效率降低并采取相应措施。     

Structural and electrochemical characterization of mechanochemically synthesized calcium zincate as rechargeable anodic materials

Hydrated calcium zincate was synthesized by mechanical ball milling of ZnO and Ca(OH)₂ in water at room temperature. The structural and electrochemical properties of this material used as rechargeable anodic material were examined by microelectrode voltammetry, charge–discharge measurements and structural analysis. The results showed that during mechanical milling, ZnO, Ca(OH)₂ and H₂O reacted rapidly to form Ca[Zn(OH)₃]₂ · 2H₂O which was subsequently transformed to a stable structure CaZn₂(OH)₆ · 2H₂O. Since this composite oxide has lower solubility in KOH solution (<35 wt %) and better electrochemical reversibility than ZnO-based negative materials, the zinc anodes using this material can overcome the problems of shape changes and dendritc formation, and therefore exhibit improved cycling life.     

一种多官能团乳化剂在羧基丁苯胶乳合成中的应用

试验发现：一种阴离子型兼具非离子性的乳化剂A用于羧基丁苯胶乳聚合体系，可显著提高胶乳的质量，其质量分数即使下降到原配方乳化剂标准用量的25％，也能制备出合格的胶乳；与使用SDS的聚合体系相比，使用乳化剂A的聚合体系的聚合反应及产物质量重复性好，胶乳的钙离子稳定性显著提高。分析发现，乳化剂用量的大小会导致聚合反应机理的差异，从而影响聚合反应及产物质量；在酸性条件下，乳化剂本 身的稳定性也是造成这种差异的原因之一。应用试验结果表明：用乳化剂A代替SDS并在一定范围内改变其用量，不会影响胶乳的应用性能。     

对“一业为主、多种经营”的三点认识

浦市化工总厂１５年多种经营的体会有三条：由于中小矿山规模小、交通不便，从事多种经营既是自身生存发展的必由之路，又要着眼于填补市场空白，不断优化产品结构，开发新产品的同时必须狠抓经营管理；不断完善规章制度。面对变化、竞争的市场，缺乏足够的产品开发资金和快速反应的机制，还有一些其他不利因素，必须由国家采取调控手段才能加以解决。