Numerical analysis of urban residential location,consumption, and time allocation

As the information-oriented society has matured, telecommunication development has had various impacts on our urban lifestyle. One such impact is increased allocative efficiency of off-duty hours. As money income increases, preference has been directed toward leisure time, and the time constraint has become tight. Another impact is changes in labor environments. Work at the office as well as at one's own home is made possible by communication services. Also, many firms have introduced flexible working hours. A model in which time is a scarce resource is necessary to analyze these impacts. This paper presents a numerical simulation model that analyzes the impacts of communication on location, consumption, and the allocation of time.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 11th Pacific Conference, Singapore, July, 1989.     

Competitive sorption of water vapor and CO2 in photocrosslinked PVCA film for a capacitive‐type humidity sensor

The sorption behavior of water vapor and CO₂ gas in photocrosslinked poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVCA) film was examined at 30°C under atmospheric pressure. Both the water sorption isotherm and the CO₂ sorption isotherm obtained with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method obeyed the simple Langmuir's equation. Water vapor/CO₂ mixed‐gas sorption isotherms were also obtained. Total amount of sorbed mixed gases was clearly influenced by the partial pressure of water vapor (p_w) and CO₂ gas (p_c) in the atmosphere. A modified Langmuir's equation based on a dual‐site model was employed for predicting the competitive adsorption isotherm, and the isotherm was clearly described by the equation. The theoretically estimated amount of adsorbed water at the constant p_w decreased slightly with increasing p_c. The effect of this phenomenon on the sensitivity of the capacitive‐type relative humidity sensor was examined. As expected, the electrical capacitance of the sensor at the constant relative humidity decreased because of the coexistence of CO₂ gas. However, the influence was quite small in the CO₂ concentration range in the ordinary environment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 401–407, 2002     

Higher order structures and toughening mechanisms for simultaneously polymerized polymethacrylate/polyurethane

Amorphous polymer/crystalline polymer blends can be prepared via the simultaneous polymerization of polymethacrylate/polyurethane combinations. The relationship between higher order structures and fracture mechanisms in these blends must be uncovered to elucidate the source of the increased fracture toughness of such materials. The present work involves the production of blended polymethacrylate/polyurethane and assess the internal structures of these specimens using optical and electron microscopy. These observations reveal the presence of both spherulites and elastomeric phases. The spherulites consisting of the polyurethane and are several micrometers in diameter whereas the phase-separated polyurethane elastomeric domains are approximately 100 nm in size. Multiple cracks, crack bridging and plastic deformation around the precrack tips of loaded specimens are evidently responsible for the increased toughness of these blends. The former two phenomena are attributed to the presence of spherulites while the plastic deformation of the methacrylate matrix is ascribed to cavitation of the polyurethane elastomeric phases in response to loading.     

Development of a packaging material using antistatic ionomer part 2: charge distributions of potassium ionomer

Generally, plastics and plastic films are low in moisture absorption and high in electric insulation. They are inherently easy to be charged with static and can cause a variety of static troubles. We developed a functional packaging material to solve these static problems, by using potassium ionomer. We reported good antistatic performance (e.g. short static decay time, and excellent ash test) of potassium ionomer films in a previous paper. However, a mechanism underlying the antistatic property of potassium ionomer has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we measured the space charge distributions of potassium ionomer using the pulsed electro‐acoustic method. As a result of the space charge measurements, we found characteristic charge distribution of potassium ionomer film. On the basis of the existence of this characteristic charge distribution, we speculate that the space electric charge distribution of a potassium ionomer film under a direct current electric field shows apparent electric charge movement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multivariate Analytic Comparison of Interpersonal Attitude in Singapore,Thailand, and Japan

Behaviormetrika - A questionnaire on interpersonal attitudes was administered to university students majoring engineering in Singapore, Thailand, and Japan. Examination of responses to individual...     

Hydroxylation of fatty acids and alcohols by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system from the Mongolian gerbil

The liver microsomes of the Mongolian gerbilMeriones unguiculatus catalyzed the hydroxylation of various saturated fatty acids (C₈−C₁₈), alcohols (C₁₂ and C₁₆) and hydrocarbon (C₁₂) to the corresponding ω- and (ω-1)-hydroxy derivatives. Lauric acid was hydroxylated most effectively among saturated fatty acids and the order of activity as hydroxylation substrates was C₁₂>C₁₄>C₁₃>C₁₆>C₁₀>C₁₈>C₈. The specific activity of laurate hydroxylation (5.99 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min) in gerbil liver microsomes was higher than that observed in other species. 1-Dodecanol was also hydroxylated very effectively (4.58 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min) by gerbil liver microsomes, but in general the hydroxylation rates for fatty alcohols were much lower than those for the corresponding acids. It was found from both inhibitor and cofactor studies that the enzyme catalyzing the hydroxylation of fatty acids and alcohols in the liver microsomes of the Mongolian gerbil was a typical cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenase, and at least two different cytochrome P-450 species were involved in the hydroxylation. Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting (a joint meeting with the Japan Oil Chemists' Society), Honolulu, Hawaii, May 1986.     

Breakup of non-newtonian emulsion jets

The breakup of non-Newtonian emulsion jets into drops was experimentally studied by ejecting both O/W and W/O emulsions vertically downward into stagnant air through nozzles. Breakup lengths of non-Newtonian emulsion jets were found to be almost equivalent to those of Newtonian jets. Experimental breakup data establish that the static surface tension of the oil phase can be used as the surface tension of W/O emulsion jets, whereas the dynamic surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions is used as that of O/W emulsion jets. Diameters of drops formed from non-Newtonian emulsion jets are in good agreement with the prediction from the stability theory previously developed by the authors. When the rheological index in a power law model is appreciably smaller than unity and the Ohnesorge number is significantly large, however, drop sizes are larger than the prediction because of the profile relaxation in jets. The critical velocity of emulsion jets, either O/W or W/O emulsion, is significantly lower than that of homogeneous Newtonian jets.     

High-gain GaAs avalanche photodiodes with proton-implanted guard ring

A GaAs avalanche photodiode with a multiplication factor as high as 8000 was prepared by Zn diffusion and proton double implantation. The proton-implanted guard ring completely prevented edge breakdown, and multiplication occurred uniformly over the junction area. Dark current was proved to be due to a leakage current at the periphery between junction and implanted layer.     

Synthesis of rodlike polysiloxane containing polyol moieties derived from glucose with regularly controlled higher-ordered structure

A rodlike polysiloxane (3) containing polyol moieties derived from the sugar has been synthesized by reaction of an amine-functionalized rodlike polysiloxane (1) with gluconolactone (2) in the presence of triethylamine in DMF. Formation of 3 was estimated by the IR and ¹H NMR measurements. The functionality of 2 to the amino groups in 1 was ca. 75%, based on the ¹H NMR spectrum of the product. The XRD profile of 3 showed three peaks for a typical hexagonal phase, and the d-value of (100) peak of 3 was larger than that of 1, indicating the regularly controlled higher-ordered structure of 3.     

Ohmic contacts to Si-implanted InP

Ohmic contacts to Si-implanted, n⁺ layers on semi-insulating InP are investigated on the basis of the transmission line model. It is found that Au/Ni/AuGeNi/InP system shows a good ohmic behaviour with the specific contact resistance $\text{ρ}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{of}\text{2 × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?5}}\text{Ω}\text{cm}{}^2$ and the minimum contact resistance $\text{Z}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{of}\text{～ 2 × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}\text{Ω}\text{cm}$ for a Si-dose higher than 2 × 10¹⁴ cm^?2 at 100 or 200 keV. The results indicate that, in the FET fabrication, at least 120 μm in length is necessary in order to obtain source and drain electrodes with the minimized resistance.