We define and verify the utility of a pattern analysis procedure called sparse decomposition. This technique involves sequentially ``peeling' sparse subsets of patterns from a pattern set, where sparse subsets are sets of patterns which possess a certain degree of regularity or compactness as measured by a compactness measure c. If this is repeated until all patterns are deleted, then the sequence of decomposition ``layers' derived by this procedure provides a wealth of information from which inferences about the original pattern set may be made. A statistic P is derived from this information and is shown to be powerful in detecting clustering tendency for data in reasonably compact sampling windows. The test is applied to both synthetic and real data. 相似文献
The vapour phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde over molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide and their mixtures has been investigated in an integral flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. The effect of several process variables on the conversion and yield were determined. A high conversion of 95.6% methanol with nearly 95% selectivity was obtained at 430°C. A rate expression has been derived from the kinetics of the reaction. 相似文献
The thermal degradation of cellulose and its phosphorylated products (phosphates, diethylphosphate, and diphenylphosphate) were studied in air and nitrogen by differential thermal analysis and dynamic thermogravimetry from ambient temperature to 750°C. From the resulting data various thermodynamic parameters were obtained following the methods of Broido and Freeman and Carroll. The values of Ea for decomposition for phosphorylated cellulose were found to be in the range 55–138 kJ mol?1 in air and 85–152 kJ mol?1 in nitrogen and depended upon the percent of phosphorus contents in the samples. The mass spectrum of cellobiose phosphate indicated the absence of the molecular ion, indicating that the compound was thermally unstable. The IR spectra of the pyrolysis residues of cellulose phosphate gave indication of formation of a compound having C?O and P?O groups. A fire retardancy mechanism for the thermal degradation of cellulose phosphate has been proposed. 相似文献
Using silicic acid, fused quartz, CaO, NaOH, α-CS, NS, NC2S3, N2CS3 (2) as starting materials, reaction products are pectolite, β-NS2, xonotlite, foshagite, NC2S2H, CH, C6S2H3, quartz and NS. Pectolite is the predominent phase; its formation requires a minimum amount of water as solvent. Pectolite and NC2S2H are the only two quaternary products in the system. The reactivity of the starting materials, conditions of formation and the importance of the aqueous phase, including the way it is added, are discussed. 相似文献