Pilot Scale Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor for Pig Waste Treatment

A n existing aetated lagoon treating piggery waste was converted into an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). After the commissioning period, the SBR plant treated piggery wastewater containing BOD and suspended solids (SS) concentrations of 2881 mg/l and 1419 mg/1 respectively, producing an effluent having an average BOD and SS of 18.7 mg/1 and 12.3 mg/1 respectively. The volumetric loadings on the SBR and the process were similar. However, the SBR process operated at a lower mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration and shorter sludge retention period. Although the capital and operating costs of the SBR are higher than for the aerated lagoon, the simplicity of operation, the high BOD and SS removal efficiency, and the small land requirement make this type of process an attractive treatment option, particularly in places where land supply is limited and expensive.     

Overload analysis and Je-based fatigue life prediction of spot-welded auto seat belt anchors

We demonstrate the validity of J_e, which comprehensively describes the effects of specimen geometry and loading type, in predicting the fatigue life of auto seat belt anchor panel. We first simplify the heat‐affected zone model to reduce the number of finite elements. We then establish finite‐element models reflecting the actual overload behaviour of three types of seat belt anchor specimens. Using elaborate finite‐element models, we obtain the effective crack‐driving parameter J_e composed of its ductility‐dependent modal components. It is confirmed that the J_e concept successfully predicts the fatigue life of multi‐spot‐welded panel structures represented by auto seat belt anchors here.     

Defect Structure and Electrical Properties of Single-Crystal Ba0.03Sr0.97TiO3

The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of single-crystalline Ba_0.03Sr_0.97TiO₃ were measured over a wide temperature (800° to 1100°C) and oxygen partial pressure (10⁵ to 10^-15 Pa) range. Our experimental data, like those of previous workers on nominally undoped BaTiO₃ or SrTiO₃, support a defect model based on doubly ionized oxygen vacancies, electrons, holes, and accidental acceptor impurities. The simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power, together with precise experimental data obtained with an advanced thermoectric power measurement technique, enabled us to determine for the first time reliable values for the preexponential factors and the activation energies which characterize the defect equilibrium constants. These calculated values, together with the defect model, were found to give an excellent fit to the experimental data, and were used to generate the boundaries, in P _o2-1/ T space, of the various defect regimes.     

Fate of Pigments and Phytate During Isolation of Protein from Defatted Glandless Cottonseed Flour

In sequentially extracting proteins from defatted glandless cottonseed flour with water, salt (5% NaCl) and alkali (0.2% NaOH) solutions, high concentrations of yellow pigments resulted in watersoluble isolate (WSI), while much of the dark-brown pigments and phosphorus were found in alkali-soluble isolate (ASI) and small amounts of pigments in salt-soluble isolate (SSI). The major protein fractions of WSI and SSI contained small amounts of sugar and pigments and no phosphorus, while that of ASI contained high levels of bound sugar, dark-brown pigments and phosphorus. Yellow pigments were preferentially bound to small molecular weight proteins, but dark-brown pigments were bound to large protein molecules.     

Preparation of Low Free Gossypol and High Available Lysine Cottonseed/Soybean Blends

Cottonseed/soybean blends (50/50) were ground in an Alpine pin mill with or without previous cooking in a Brady low-cost extruder. Free gossypol decreased with increasing amount of water added prior to extrusion and number of passes through the extruder. Available lysine increased with decreasing amount of added water but was unaffected by number of passes through the extruder. Type of soybean raw material utilized had no effect on free gossypol. Blends prepared from defatted cottonseed meal, however, had lower free gossypol than those made from cottonseed kernels. A blend similar to full-fat soy flour but of lower cost was prepared from unextruded 50% defatted cotton-seed meal/50% extruded soybean flakes, without added water, and ground in the Alpine mill.     

固体氧化物燃料电池离子- 电子混合传导性Ni/ScSZ 燃料极的制备以及性能分析

在薄膜固体氧化物燃料电池中,为增加发生电化学反应的三相界面面积,燃料极和空气极通常制备成离子-电子混合传导性质的多孔形态。该研究将燃料极电化学反应(氢氧化反应)的催化剂——镍(Ni)和氧离子传导性好的氧化钪稳定的氧化锆(ScSZ)混合制备成离子-电子混合传导燃料极。实验结果显示,与纯 Ni 燃料极相比,所制备的 Ni/ScSZ 燃料极因其三相界面面积的增加,可显著降低极化电阻,但同时欧姆电阻也显著增加,从而最终导致燃料电池单池性能总体下降。     

Effects of Cr interlayer on mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coating

Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were deposited on SUS 304 substrate by a hybrid coating system. A Cr interlayer was introduced between Cr-Al-Si-N coating and SUS 304 substrate to improve the coating adherence. The effects of Cr interlayer on the microhardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior of Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the microhardness of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings gradually deceases with increasing thickness of Cr interlayers. The adhesion between Cr-Al-Si-N and SUS 304 substrate is improved by addition of the Cr interlayers. A peak critical load of ~50 N is observed for the coating containing Cr interlayer of 60 nm as compared ~ 20 N for the coating without Cr interlayer. The thicker Cr interlayers result in reduced critical load values. Moreover, the wear resistance of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings is greatly enhanced by introducing the Cr interlayer with thickness of 60 nm in spite of the decreased microhardness. The friction coefficient of the coating system is also moderately reduced.