Stability of the structure corresponding to the prepeak and amorphous Al90Tm5Ce5 alloys

The stability of amorphous Al₉₀Fe₅Ce₅ and Al₉₀Ni₅Ce₅ alloys and the stability of the structure corresponding to the prepeak during annealing process were investigated. Also the ageing effects of these alloys were investigated. Both the amorphous Al₉₀Fe₅Ce₅ and Al₉₀Ni₅Ce₅ alloys crystallize by two stages. The crystallization onset temperature for amorphous Al₉₀Fe₅Ce₅ alloys is much higher than that of the amorphous Al₉₀Ni₅Ce₅ alloys. The structure corresponding to the prepeak for amorphous Al₉₀Fe₅Ce₅ alloys is stable. However, it is not stable for amorphous Al₉₀Ni₅Ce₅ alloys, even decomposes at room temperature. By ageing effects, fcc Al is easily precipitated from amorphous matrix for the amorphous Al₉₀Ni₅Ce₅ alloys, whereas the amorphous Al₉₀Fe₅Ce₅ alloys is stable at room temperature. The stability of the structure corresponding to the prepeak strongly relates to the stability of the amorphous alloys.     

页岩储层压裂水平井气-水两相产能分析

传统的页岩气产能模型忽略了压裂液返排期间气-水同流对产能的影响,针对该问题,建立综合考虑页岩气吸附解吸、扩散、滑脱效应、应力敏感、毛管渗吸效应的气-水两相渗流数学模型,并基于有限差分,采用SS方法求解得到页岩储层产气规律及地层流体饱和度分布。对比分析不同裂缝网络渗透率、人工主裂缝渗透率、人工主裂缝长度、页岩气吸附解吸、毛管力作用对页岩气产量的影响,结果表明:生产初期,受压裂液返排的影响,日产气量呈先升高后降低的趋势,出现产气峰值,初期产气量明显低于不考虑压裂液返排所预测的产气量,但后期产气量基本一致。裂缝网络渗透率越高、人工主裂缝渗透率越高,产气量峰值出现的时间越早且初期产气量越高。人工主裂缝越长,产气量峰值出现的时间越晚,初期产气量越高。页岩气吸附解吸对初期产气量的影响不明显。考虑毛管力作用,压裂液返排率越低,产气量越高。     

High‐cycle and very‐high‐cycle fatigue behaviour of a titanium alloy with equiaxed microstructure under different mean stresses

The fatigue behaviour of a titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V with equiaxed microstructure (EM) under different values of tensile mean stress or stress ratio (R) was investigated from high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) to very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes via ultrasonic axial cycling. The effect of mean stress or R on the fatigue strength of HCF and VHCF was addressed by Goodman, Gerber, and Authors' formula. Three types of crack initiation, namely, surface‐with‐RA (rough area), surface‐without‐RA, and interior‐with‐RA, were classified. The maximum value of stress intensity factor (SIF) at RA boundary for R < 0 keeps constant regardless of R in HCF and VHCF regimes. The SIF range at RA boundary for R > 0 also keeps constant regardless of R in VHCF regime, but this value decreases linearly with the increase of R for surface RA cases. The microstructure observation at RA regions gives a new result of nanograin formation only in the cases of negative stress ratios for the titanium alloy with EM, which is explained by the mechanism of numerous cyclic pressing.     

涡激振动行波动力学特征的数值模拟

采用数值模拟分析了水中大长径比结构物涡激振动行波动力学特征,以及水动力学阻尼和模型初始张力对于行波动力学特征的影响.数值模拟模型采用改进的尾流振子模型,该模型考虑了涡激振动横向运动和顺流向运动之间的耦合,考虑了张力沿模型长度的变化和流体的耗散.给出了用于评估行波在整个振动波中所占比例的方法,该方法采用行波椭圆来定量表征行波所占的比例,即行波比.数值模拟结果显示,行波比总体上呈现随流速增加的趋势,但在模态阶数变化的临界流速上突然降低.水动力学阻尼显著影响着行波比,阻尼比越大,行波比越大,行波对于整个振动波的贡献就越大.不同张力情况下,行波比突然下降的临界速度不同.初始张力影响模型的固有频率,影响模态阶数发生转变的流速,从而影响了行波比突然下降的临界流速.     

新型脲-双醛淀粉黏合剂的制备

研究了由淀粉改性制成双醛淀粉作为含醛物料与尿素进行缩合的反应，由此合成出环保无毒的脲-双醛淀粉树脂黏合剂，并初步分析了该缩合反应的机理和影响因素。     

EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ADDITIONS ON FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF 2.25Cr-1Mo STEELS

The inclusion parameters,fracture surface morphology and void growth characteristics of ten-sile and fracture toughness specimens of 2.25Cr-1Mo steels with and without rare-earth(RE)additions have been investigated by quantitative metaltography(QTM),scanning elec-tron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).There is a substantiallyhigher density of inclusions in the RE-treated steel,which has lower values of fracture proper-ties including critical values of COD and J integral(δ_c and J_(IC)),fracture strain(ε_f)and Charpy V-notch energy(CVN).The fracture surface of the RE-treated steel comprisesequiaxed dimples of diameters comparable with its inclusion spacing,whereas for thenon-RE-treated steels,a wide range of dimple sizes is found with average diameter muchsmaller than the corresponding inclusion spacing.The investigation indicates that the lowervalues of fracture properties for the steel with RE at room temperature may be ascribed to itslarge content of RE-containing inclusions.     

Investigation of high cycle and Very-High-Cycle Fatigue behaviors for a structural steel with smooth and notched specimens

The high cycle and Very-High-Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) properties of a structural steel with smooth and notched specimens were studied by employing a rotary bending machine with frequency of 52.5 Hz. For smooth specimens, VHCF failure did occur at fatigue cycles of 7.1 × 10⁸ with the related S–N curve of stepwise tendency. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for the observations of the fracture surfaces. It shows that for smooth specimens the crack origination is surface mode in the failure regime of less than 10⁷ cycles. While at VHCF regime, the material failed from the nonmetallic inclusion lies in the interior of material, leading to the formation of fisheye pattern. The dimensions of crack initiation region were measured and discussed with respect to the number of cycles to failure. The mechanism analysis by means of low temperature fracture technique shows that the nonmetallic inclusion in the interior of specimen tends to debond from surrounding matrix and form a crack. The crack propagates and results to the final failure. The stress intensity factor and fatigue strength were calculated to investigate the crack initiation properties. VHCF study on the notched specimens shows that the obtained S–N curve decreases continuously. SEM analysis reveals that multiple crack origins are dominant on specimen surface and that fatigue crack tends to initiate from the surface of the specimen. Based on the fatigue tests and observations, a model of crack initiation was used to describe the transition of fatigue initiation site from subsurface to surface for smooth and notched specimens. The model reveals the influences of load, grain size, inclusion size and surface notch on the crack initiation transition.     

脉冲吹灰器在CFB锅炉中的应用

为解决CFB锅炉尾部烟道受热面积灰严重、排烟温度高和正确选用吹灰器型式的问题,分析对比了各种吹灰器的工作特性,提出了利用脉冲吹灰器代替蒸汽吹灰器的改造方案。实践表明:应用脉冲吹灰器不仅降低了排烟温度,还节省了高品质的蒸汽,达到了节能降耗的目的。     

带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮内三维不可压湍流场的数值模拟

对带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮内三维不可压湍流场进行数值模拟。计算采用雷诺时均方程和修正了的 湍流模型,在压强连接的隐式修正法(SIMPLE—C)建立的压力速度校正方程基础上,利用贴体坐标系和交错网格技术进行计算。计算结果揭示了带分流叶片离心泵叶轮内湍流流动的速度分布、压力分布规律,并对增加分流叶片后叶轮内部的流动状况进行了分析和研究,研究结果将对带分流叶片的离心泵进行性能预测和优化设计有指导 意义。     

S38C车轴表层梯度材料的疲劳裂纹扩展性能研究

为研究S38C车轴表层梯度材料的疲劳裂纹扩展性能,直接从现车车轴截取试样,保持实际车轴表层具有的显微组织、硬度及其残余应力呈梯度变化的情况,采用三点弯曲加载方法,检测疲劳裂纹在硬化层、过渡层和芯部基体的扩展性能。结果表明,随着表层裂纹长度的增加,疲劳裂纹扩展速率呈现先增加后减小最后增加的趋势。通过测量不同表层深度位置的残余应力分布,发现距车轴表面深度0～3 mm内存在较大的残余应力压应力,使得疲劳裂纹扩展需要更大的驱动力,而距车轴表面深度3 mm后转变为拉应力,对疲劳裂纹扩展没有影响。