Nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of biodegradable double crystalline poly(butylene succinate)‐poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers

Nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of both poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments within PBS‐PEG (PBSEG) multiblock copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of both PBS and PEG segments were analyzed by Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo methods. The results showed that both of Avrami and Mo methods were successful to describe the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PBS and PEG segments. The results of crystallization kinetics indicated that the crystallization rate of PBS segment decreased with PBS segment content and/or L_PBS, while that of PEG segment decreased with M_n,PEG or F_PEG. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40940.     

Matched‐dual‐polymer electrochromic lenses,using new cathodically coloring conducting polymers,with exceptional performance and incorporated into automated sunglasses

Reported are syntheses of several new monomer precursors of cathodically coloring conducting polymers (CPs), based on a propylene dioxythiophene skeleton. These are shown to yield CPs—both as homopolymers and as copolymers—that are nearly “perfectly” matched electrochemically and electrochromically with a set of anodically coloring poly(aromatic amines), for use in dual‐polymer electrochromic lenses. Resulting dual‐polymer electrochromic lenses display very high light/dark contrast (typically up to 70/7% or 50/0.5% Transmission (integrated over visible spectrum, vs. air reference), Haze < 2%, very high cyclability (> 10 K cycles), multiyear shelf life, appealing transparent to dark‐blue‐black transition, and excellent optical memory. Dramatic lowering of switching time, from 8 to < 1 s, is demonstrated using unique applied‐potential algorithm resident on inexpensive Microcontroller chip. Working, practical dual‐polymer electrochromic spectacles are demonstrated with electrochromic lenses retrofitted to spectacles meeting ANSI Z87.1, GL‐PD 10–12 (U.S. military) specifications. These incorporate photosensor, rechargeable Li battery, Microcontroller, allow for automated operation. Ab‐initio‐design spectacles, also conforming to above specifications, are also demonstrated, with components seamlessly hidden within frame. To the best of our knowledge, the electrochromic lenses and sunglasses reported herein represent the best visible‐region electrochromic performance for dual‐polymer CP electrochromic systems to date and the first practical implementation in working sunglasses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41043.     

Involvement of a Specific Chemosensory Protein from Bactrocera dorsalis in Perceiving Host Plant Volatiles

Insects have evolved many physiological and behavioral adaptations to recognize external complex chemicals. Olfaction plays an important role in perceiving volatile chemicals, utilizing them to locate host sites, conspecifics, and enemies. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are present in high concentrations within the sensory sensilla of insects and are endowed with a heterogeneous range of functions. However, direct evidence for the involvement of CSPs in olfactory function is still lacking. In this study, a fluorescence-based ligand binding assay using Bdor-CSP2 illustrated its ability to bind the majority of the selected ligands of different shapes and chemical structures that are ecologically significant, host plant volatiles of Bactrocera dorsalis. RNAi-mediated silencing coupled with electrophysiological tests showed lower electrophysiological responses to (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, trans-2-hexenal, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, and 3-methylbutyl acetate in dsBdor CSP2 treated flies compared with the untreated controls. The reduced expression of Bdor-CSP2 by RNA interference was confirmed by semi-quantitative PCR, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, which suggested the RNAi-treatment was responsible for the observed reduction of antennal responses in EAG recordings. These data suggest that the expression of Bdor-CSP2 is necessary for the recognition of antennal responses to some plant host volatiles by B. dorsalis.     

Enzymatic and ionic crosslinked gelatin/K‐carrageenan IPN hydrogels as potential biomaterials

Hydrogels of a natural origin have attracted considerable attention in the field of tissue engineering due to their resemblance to ECM, defined degradability and compatibility with biological systems. In this study, we introduced carrageenan into a gelatin network, creating IPN hydrogels through biological methods of enzymatic and ionic crosslinking. Their gelation processes were monitored and confirmed by rheology analysis. The combination of biochemical and physical crosslinking processes enables the formation of biohydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, swelling ratios and degradation behaviors while maintaining the biocompatibilities of natural materials. The mechanical strength increased with an increase in carrageenan content while swelling ratio and degradability decreased correspondingly. In addition, the IPN hydrogels were shown to support adhesion and proliferation of L929 cell line. All the results highlighted the use of biological crosslinked gelatin‐carrageenan IPN hydrogels in the context of tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 10.1002/app.40975.     

预分解系统分级燃烧技术的工业试验研究 及工程应用

分析了国外公司在新型干法水泥生产线应用分级燃烧技术降低NOx排放方面存在的问题,并针对性的开发了适合已有水泥生产线改造的分级燃烧技术,并将其应用于工业试验和工程实践中。实践表明,在满足原燃料和操作条件下,分级燃烧系统可以有效降低NOx排放,其脱氮效率为10%~15%。     

一种吲哚基姜黄素类似物的合成及其抗氧化活性研究

吲哚-3-甲醛与2-羟基-5-甲氧基苯乙酮进行羟醛缩合反应,生成一种吲哚基姜黄素类似物1-(2-羟基-5-甲氧基苯基)-3-(3-吲哚基)-2-烯-1-酮,在不同的催化剂、温度、溶剂等条件下,探索研究合成反应所需的最优工艺条件,采用合适的方法分离提纯得到纯净产品。通过熔点测定、氢核磁共振分析法、质谱分析法等对合成产物进行分析,并研究其抗氧化生物活性。结果表明,该化合物均具有清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的能力,表现出明显的抗氧化活性。     

高纯试剂丙酮的提纯方法研究

从丙酮原料中的杂质构成出发,选择4A分子筛作为干燥除杂剂,超净过滤可生产出分析纯试剂丙酮,精馏后可以生产色谱纯丙酮,探索出一条高效了试剂丙酮的生产工艺。     

便携式GC-MS在应急监测中的应用

随着我国经济的高速发展,企业生产的不断扩张,企业的环境突发事故的多变性,对现场监测提出了更高的要求。建立便携式GC-MS,由于其体积小,分析精度高,非常适合于现场挥发性有机物的分析,在国内已被成功用于多起现场环境应急监测工作,本文以一次监测实例说明通过充分利用该仪器快速检测极低浓度挥发性有机污染物的功能,可将之进一步应用于被污染环境空气的实时现场监测,从而为复杂情况下环境污染源的快速排查工作提供强有力的技术支持。     

紧急切断阀过流性能检测装置的研制

文章介绍了紧急切断阀过流性能检测装置的总体设计方案,解决了紧急切断阀的自动夹紧的关键问题和人工读取试验结果的误差问题。通过本装置,能够实现紧急切断阀密封性能、耐压性能和过流性能试验。电脑检测系统自动记录相关试验数据,自动判断其性能是否符合有关标准要求并打印出报告,有效地提高紧急切断阀检验结果的准确性。     

儿童用品中邻苯二甲酸盐的检测

文章采用超声震荡萃取—气相色谱法建立测定儿童用品中邻苯二甲酸酯的方法;以正己烷为萃取溶剂,然后采用气相色谱法—氢火焰离子检测器,进行检测分析,该方法的平均回收率为69.0%~103.2%,相对平均偏差为1.8%~5.9%。该方法用于儿童用品样品中14种邻苯二甲酸酯的测定,具有较好的准确性。