Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors Based on Bionic Hierarchical Structures

The rational design of high‐performance flexible pressure sensors attracts attention because of the potential applications in wearable electronics and human–machine interfacing. For practical applications, pressure sensors with high sensitivity and low detection limit are desired. Here, ta simple process to fabricate high‐performance pressure sensors based on biomimetic hierarchical structures and highly conductive active membranes is presented. Aligned carbon nanotubes/graphene (ACNT/G) is used as the active material and microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (m‐PDMS) molded from natural leaves is used as the flexible matrix. The highly conductive ACNT/G films with unique coalescent structures, which are directly grown using chemical vapor deposition, can be conformably coated on the m‐PDMS films with hierarchical protuberances. Flexible ACNT/G pressure sensors are then constructed by putting two ACNT/G/PDMS films face to face with the orientation of the ACNTs in the two films perpendicular to each other. Due to the unique hierarchical structures of both the ACNT/G and m‐PDMS films, the obtained pressure sensors demonstrate high sensitivity (19.8 kPa^?1, <0.3 kPa), low detection limit (0.6 Pa), fast response time (<16.7 ms), low operating voltage (0.03 V), and excellent stability for more than 35 000 loading–unloading cycles, thus promising potential applications in wearable electronics.     

Probing into Reverse Bias Dark Current in Perovskite Photodiodes: Critical Role of Surface Defects

Minimizing reverse bias dark current density (J_dark) while retaining high external quantum efficiency is crucial for promising applications of perovskite photodiodes, and it remains challenging to elucidate the ultimate origin of J_dark. It is demonstrated in this study that the surface defects induced by iodine vacancies are the main cause of J_dark in perovskite photodiodes. In a targeted way, the surface defects are thoroughly passivated through a simple treatment with butylamine hydroiodide to form ultrathin 2D perovskite on its 3D bulk. In the passivated perovskite photodiodes, J_dark as low as 3.78 × 10^-10 A cm^-2 at -0.1 V is achieved, and the photoresponse is also enhanced, especially at low light intensities. A combination of the two improvements realizes high specific detectivity up to 1.46 × 10¹² Jones in the devices. It is clarified that the trap states induced by the surface defects can not only raise the generation-recombination current density associated with the Shockley–Read–Hall mechanisms in the dark (increasing J_dark), but also provide additional carrier recombination paths under light illumination (decreasing photocurrent). The critical role of surface defects on J_dark of perovskite photodiodes suggests that making trap-free perovskite thin films, for example, by fine preparation and/or surface engineering, is a top priority for high-performance perovskite photodiodes.     

Biomarker-Responsive Nanosystems for Chronic Disease Theranostics

Chronic diseases claim millions of lives every year, and it is of great significance to explore and develop advanced drugs to improve the cure rate of chronic diseases. Nanotheranostics are innovative strategies that enable the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic properties into a single nanosystem. Despite great success in nanotheranostics, their applications of nanotheranostics in nanomedicine are still in their infancy. This is because each disease has its corresponding characteristic pathological microenvironment, which motivates the development of endogenous biomarker-responsive nanosystems to meet the requirements of diagnosis and treatment. Herein, recent progress is presented in biomarker-responsive nanosystems and their biomedical applications. First, biomarker-responsive nanosystems are classified into eight subsections according to the type of chronic diseases, including tumors, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, Wilson's diseases, chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. In the following, a variety of intriguing applications of biomarkers-responsive nanosystems are briefly elaborated, such as biosensing, diagnosis, therapy, combined theranostics, and early evaluation of therapy effect, etc. Finally, the challenges and future directions from research to clinical translation of these responsive nanosystems are also presented.     

永磁同步电机矢量控制中死区补偿技术的研究

本文针对永磁同步电机矢量控制系统,分析了死区电压矢量对三相输出电压的影响以及死区电压矢量与定子电流方向的关系,提出了一种基于SVPWM矢量控制的死区补偿方法。定子电流矢量角根据计算得出,避免了传统方法在相电流过零处由于电流方向检测不准而影响补偿效果。该方案无需增加硬件电路,对软件进行修改即可实现。仿真试验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

基于虚拟仪器的斯托克斯参量测试系统

采用旋转波片法搭建了一套偏振态斯托克斯参量自动检测系统,每秒可以处理和显示15个偏振椭圆。该系统采用数据采集卡和LabVIEW软件来组成虚拟仪器,通过数据插值与重采样技术对旋转角度进行精确定位,消除了电机转速不稳定带来的系统误差。根据米勒矩阵得出透射光强随旋转角度的变化方程,并与实时采集的测量数据进行对比拟合,通过傅里叶变换得出曲线方程中的待定系数,给出对应的斯托克斯参量,并计算光波的电场分量及相位差,确定出射光的椭圆偏振消光比、长轴方向与椭圆旋向。还考查了本底噪声对测量结果的影响,比较了旋转波片与旋转检偏器两种测试方法的优缺点。     

法国宽带接入市场现状与分析

介绍法国近几年宽带接入在技术、用户和业务等各方面的发展。法国宽带接入住宅市场目前应用最广泛的技术是ADSL,其次是有线电视网,其他如BLR,WiFi和电力网等技术应用有限。专业市场除了以上技术外,还有光纤专网,但小企业更愿意选择大众化服务,且许多用户将从专网向DSL转移。总体来讲,住宅市场的竞争程度高于专业市场,因而发展更快。由于相关法律的出台,有线电视市场处于重组之中。     

鼻内镜下CO2激光辅助手术治疗儿童上颌窦后鼻孔息肉15例

目的:提高上颌窦后鼻孔息肉的手术疗效,降低复发率。方法:回顾性分析2000年6月-2002年1月期间于上海交通大学附属第六人民医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的鼻内镜下CO2激光辅助手术治疗的上颌窦后鼻孔息肉的患者15例,9例为复发的再次手术病例。结果:所有患者随访6-38月(平均23个月)没有发现上颌窦后鼻孔息肉的复发、1例术后鼻腔粘连。结论:该术式可以彻底清除上颌窦后鼻孔息肉,防止复发提高手术疗效。     

Rotatable Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission/Aggregation‐Caused‐Quenching Ratio Strategy for Real‐Time Tracking Nanoparticle Dynamics

Real‐time tracking of the dynamics change of self‐assembled nanostructures in physiological environments is crucial to improving their delivery efficiency and therapeutic effects. However, such tracking is impeded by the complex biological microenvironment leading to inhomogeneous distribution. A rotatable fluorescent ratio strategy is introduced that integrates aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) into one nanostructured system, termed AIE and ACQ fluorescence ratio (AAR). Following this strategy, an advanced probe, PEG^5k‐TPE₄‐ICGD₄ (PTI), is developed to track the dynamics change. The extremely sharp fluorescent changes (up to 4008‐fold) in AAR allowed for the clear distinguishing and localization of the intact state and diverse dissociated states. The spatiotemporal distribution and structural dynamics of the PTI micelles can be tracked, quantitatively analyzed in living cells and animal tissue by the real‐time ratio map, and be used to monitor other responsive nanoplatforms. With this method, the dynamics of nanoparticle in different organelles are able to be investigated and validated by transmission electron microscopy. This novel strategy is generally applicable to many self‐assembled nanostructures for understanding delivery mechanism in living systems, ultimately to enhance their performance in biomedical applications.     

双基区大功率快恢复二极管的研究

提出了在采用VB=94ρ0n.7数学模型设计双基区p+pinn+结构快速软恢复FRD大功率二极管结构参数中引入η=Wi/Xm=0.25数学模型的方法。采用Si片扩铂和电子辐照共同控制基区少子寿命及分布,并利用该设计方法对ZKR1 000 A/2 600 V结构参数进行了优化设计。对设计参数进行了实验验证,结果表明,器件参数满足设计指标,达到国外同类产品水平。说明该设计方法及各种参数的选取是正确的,寿命控制技术是有效的。为p+pinn+结构二极管设计与制造提供了一种具有重要的指导意义和参考价值的新方法。     

Dual-mode gain control for a 1?V CMOS hearing aid device with enhanced accuracy and energy-efficiency

A dual-mode gain control (DMGC) technique is presented for accurate and energy-efficient pre-amplification in the front-end system of a hearing aid chip. Compared with the conventional automatic gain control (AGC) approach, the DMGC approach is characterized by an amplification switching mechanism between the pro-linearity discrete gain setting mode and the energy-efficient AGC mode. Thus, the total harmonic distortion (THD) should be significantly improved without incurring any degradation concerning other performances parameters (e.g. gain, noise and power consumption). In order to further enhance the system power efficiency, a self current-adapting (SCA) circuit design technique is proposed. Such SCA circuits are capable of automatically adjusting the bias current in accordance with the sound level. A prototype chip was designed with a 0.13???m standard CMOS process and tested with 1?V supply voltage. The measurement results show that, for a typical output level of 500?mV_p-p, the THD is somewhere below ?64?dB, achieving approximately ten times reduction compared to the previously reported works. The power consumption of less than 45???W has also been obtained. In addition, the typical input referred noise is only 2???V_rms and the maximum gain attainable is up to 39?dB.