质子交换膜燃料电池有序化膜电极研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池的发展和应用是促进现代生活方式低碳环保化的最重要路径之一。膜电极是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件,实现膜电极结构的有序化是同时满足低铂载量和高电化学性能要求的关键。本文系统总结和分析了最近有关有序化膜电极的相关研究进展。与发展较为缓慢的质子导体有序化相比,以催化剂有序化和催化剂载体有序化为路径实现的有序化膜电极结构优化已经得到快速发展,对于促进质子交换膜燃料电池规模化应用表现出极大的发展潜力。     

聚乳酸/聚氨酯复合多孔材料制备及吸油性能研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）为基体,添加不同含量聚氨酯（TPU）熔融共混制备具有不同相形态的PLA/TPU共混物,基于超临界二氧化碳（scCO₂）微孔发泡工艺,研究不同发泡温度下PLA/TPU复合多孔材料泡孔结构、发泡倍率和开孔率对样品吸油性能的影响。结果表明,随着TPU含量从10 %（质量分数,下同）增加到50 %,共混物从典型的“海?岛”相形态转变为部分共连续相形态,PLA基体黏弹性提升,结晶能力下降;PLA70组分发泡后泡孔结构更为均匀,随着发泡温度的增加,泡孔尺寸和发泡倍率先增大后减小,在94 ℃发泡温度下发泡样品发泡倍率达到29.1倍,最大开孔率75 %;TPU的加入显著增加了PLA基体的弹性回复能力,94 ℃发泡温度下的发泡样品具有最大的抗压强度,永久形变量最小;针对硅油和环己烷的吸油测试发现对硅油的吸油量大于环己烷,发泡材料的吸油量与发泡倍率和开孔率的乘积成正比,针对硅油单次最大吸油量为10.4 g/g。     

超精密平面电机控制技术

分析了平面电机的结构及其原理,提出了相应控制技术.对平面电机的驱动力进行解耦,讨论了磁场非均匀性及磁场耦合对平面电机驱动力非线性的影响,并给出相应的补偿方法.最后给出了平面电机定子垂向对称性标定方法,提高了平面电机的定位精度.     

基于QS-ML-PMHT的多目标无源协同定位方法

针对目标个数未知时无源协同定位系统低可观测目标的航迹起始及维持问题,提出一种基于拟蒙特卡罗模拟退火极大似然概率多假设的双基站多目标无源协同定位方法。首先,建立双基站无源协同定位系统数学模型。其次,提出基于极大似然概率多假设的多目标无源协同定位航迹起始算法,通过假设法确定目标个数,并首次利用拟蒙特卡罗模拟退火算法解决极大似然概率多假设中多目标的优化求解问题,以提高多目标检测跟踪性能。最后,通过滑窗法实现航迹维持。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效解决目标个数未知时双基站无源协同定位系统低可观测目标的航迹起始及维持问题。     

An approach to mining bundled commodities

Although bundled commodities are largely existed in supermarket, there are few investigations about bundled commodities mining. In this study, interval-valued association rules as a novel and possible approach to solving the bundled commodities mining issue, is proposed. Properties research based on interval-valued association rules is conducted, and an interval-valued rule pattern: F, ,  is constructed, where F denotes set of interval-valued ruses, and denote the disjunctive operation and conjunctive operation, respectively. Furthermore, one of the properties satisfied by the interval-valued rules: A  C = B  C and A  C = B  C  A = B, where A, B, C are there different rules, is validated and utilized to mine the bundled commodities. Finally, a large-scale software engineering project relative to interval-valued rule mining is implemented to merge flight testing information about aircrafts which validates the technique of mining bundled commodities can be discovered a special relation between objects. These initial investigations provide a researchable framework for bundled commodities mining.     

FTPA: Supporting Fault-Tolerant Parallel Computing through Parallel Recomputing

As the size of large-scale computer systems increases, their mean-time-between-failures are becoming significantly shorter than the execution time of many current scientific applications. To complete the execution of scientific applications, they must tolerate hardware failures. Conventional rollback-recovery protocols redo the computation of the crashed process since the last checkpoint on a single processor. As a result, the recovery time of all protocols is no less than the time between the last checkpoint and the crash. In this paper, we propose a new application-level fault-tolerant approach for parallel applications called the Fault-Tolerant Parallel Algorithm (FTPA), which provides fast self-recovery. When fail-stop failures occur and are detected, all surviving processes recompute the workload of failed processes in parallel. FTPA, however, requires the user to be involved in fault tolerance. In order to ease the FTPA implementation, we developed Get it Fault-Tolerant (GiFT), a source-to-source precompiler tool to automate the FTPA implementation. We evaluate the performance of FTPA with parallel matrix multiplication and five kernels of NAS Parallel Benchmarks on a cluster system with 1,024 CPUs. The experimental results show that the performance of FTPA is better than the performance of the traditional checkpointing approach.     

雪崩光电探测器的击穿效应模型分析

基于CMOS工艺制备了空穴触发的Si基雪崩探测器(APD),基于不同工作温度下器件的击穿特性,建立空穴触发的雪崩器件的击穿效应模型。根据雪崩击穿模型和击穿电压测试结果,拟合曲线得到击穿电场与温度的关系参数(dE/dT),器件在250～320 K区间内,击穿电压与温度是正温度系数,器件发生雪崩击穿为主,dV/dT=23.3 mV/K,其值是由倍增区宽度以及载流子碰撞电离系数决定的。在50～140 K工作温度下,击穿电压是负温度系数,器件发生隧道击穿,dV/dT=-58.2 mV/K,其值主要受雪崩区电场的空间延伸和峰值电场两方面因素的影响。     

CuI Encapsulated within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks with High Current Carrying Capacity and Excellent Conductivity

High current carrying capacity and high conductivity are two important indicators for materials used in microscale electronics and inverters. However, it is challenging to obtain high conductivity and high current carrying capacity at the same time since high conductivity requires a weakly bonded system to provide free electrons, while high current carrying capacity requires a strongly bonded system. In this paper, CuI@SWCNT networks by filling the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with CuI is ingeniously prepared. CuI@SWCNT shows good stability due to the confinement protection of SWCNTs. Through the host-guest hybridization, CuI@SWCNT networks exhibit a current carrying capacity of 2.04 × 10⁷ A cm⁻² and a conductivity of 31.67 kS m⁻¹. Their current carrying capacity and conductivity are significantly improved compared with SWCNT. The Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements show a drop of surface potential energy after SWCNT filled with CuI, indicating that the CuI guest molecules regulate the position of the Fermi level of SWCNTs, increasing carrier concentration, achieving high conductivity and high current carrying capacity. This study offers ideas and solutions for the regulation of high-performance carbon tube networks, which hold great promise for future applications in carbon-based electronic devices.     

Nonlinear cascade control of an electro-hydraulic actuator with large payload variation

Electro-hydraulic actuators have been widely used in industrial production, but the unknown variable payload seriously affects its position control accuracy. Therefore, a radial basis function neural network disturbance observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance force through strong online learning ability in the absence of force sensor. Besides, a nonlinear cascade controller with double loop structure is proposed in this paper. A global fast terminal sliding mode control method is firstly applied in the outer loop position system, which can eliminate chattering and improve convergence speed comparing to traditional sliding mode control. The inner loop force system adopts a backstepping control method to calculate the actual input of the whole system. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed controller is stable even if existing time-variant disturbance. Moreover, three comparative controllers are designed and tested in both simulations and experiments. Comparative results show that the developed method has absolute average errors of 1.14 and 0.49 mm in different position tracking, which means more satisfactory tracking performance compared to the contrast controllers.     

基于离散分数阶傅里叶变换的二维跳频通信系统及性能分析

传统跳频(FH)通信技术具有抗干扰能力强、截获概率低等优点,广泛应用在军民领域。针对检测传统跳频的手段越来越成熟,信息易被截获的问题,该文借鉴正交频分复用(OFDM)系统框架,提出一种基于离散分数阶傅里叶变换(DFrFT)的时宽与起始频率跳变的分数阶跳频(FrFT-FH-VTFB)系统,设计了一种新的系统框架,实现信息隐蔽传输的同时,通过DFrFT的工程实现规避传统跳频工程应用中跳速受频率合成器限制的问题。该系统通过两组不同伪随机序列选取时宽与起始频率跳变的Chirp基信号,实现系统参数的多维变换,打破系统的周期特性。此外,建立了系统发送与接收两端数学模型,并在此基础上推导了系统在白噪声信道下的理论误码率。仿真结果表明,该文所设计的系统有较好的抗衰落性能;且功率谱淹没在噪声之下,时频域特征无明显周期特性,有较好的隐蔽性。