“车-站-网”多元需求下的电动汽车快速充电引导策略

提出一种面向电动汽车(车)、快速充电站(站)、配电网(网)多元需求的电动汽车快速充电引导策略。首先介绍了“车-站-网”协同模式下充电引导架构,并基于起讫点分析得出的快充需求分布结果,提出一种双层队列模型模拟快速充电站动态队列。然后,根据动态队列和节点电压约束下配电网快充负荷接纳能力,采用动态电价需求函数建立充电电价模型,以用户充电成本最小为目标引导用户选择快速充电站。最后,以某市部分主城区为例,对1 000辆具有快充需求的电动汽车在不同参与度下进行仿真。结果表明,所提充电引导策略能够在节约用户充电成本的同时,提高快速充电站的运营效率,保证配电网的运行安全。     

小孔式动静压滑动轴承稳定性分析

用伽辽金法及摄动理论建立了小孔式动静压滑动轴承的有限元模型，并对其进行了静，动特性分析。分析结果表明，小孔式动静压轴承载能力明显优于油腔式静压轴承，其动特性也优于几何尺寸相同的圆柱孔动压滑动轴承。     

空分装置纯化器再生蒸汽加热器泄漏与应对措施

介绍大型空分装置出现的一次纯化器再生蒸汽加热器泄漏故障,分析泄漏故障对空分装置的不利影响,提出有效的不停机特护运行方法。     

Effect of Freezing/Thawing Temperature on the Viscoelastic and Nutritional Qualities of Carrots

This study evaluated and correlated the viscoelastic and nutritional properties of carrots after freezing (–20, –70, and –196^oC) and thawing (4 and 18^oC) treatments. Results showed that all samples exhibited a solid behavior (storage modulus G′ > loss modulus G″) dominating the viscoelastic response. After treatments, G′, G″, hardness, fracturability, springiness, and chewiness of carrots significantly decreased, whereas loss tangent (Tanδ) increased. Compared with other treatments, fast freezing (–196^oC) and thawing (18^oC) better maintained G′, G″, hardness, and fracturability of carrots, and intermediate freezing (–70^oC) better retained springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. For nutritional parameters, fast freezing and thawing conditions also contributed to preserving the contents of carotenoids of carrots. Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that β- and α-carotene, lycopene, and soluble sugars were positively correlated with hardness, fracturability, G′, and G″, and negatively with Tanδ in carrots. The variation of viscoelastic parameters could well predict the changes at nutritional levels.     

Classification and Prediction by LF NMR

The classification analysis and firmness prediction of sweet corn subjected to different treatments were investigated to develop the potential application of low field nuclear magnetic resonance for food quality control. Principal component analysis (PCA) was firstly used for exploiting the invisible changes of the internal characteristics of blanched sweet corn. Then, two classification methods involving regression analysis in combination with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), which is based on data compression technology (PCA and partial least squares, PLS), were compared. The PCA score plots clearly showed that the samples varied according to the temperature of the treatment. For the goal of classification, the principal components extracted from the PLS analysis were more useful than those obtained from PCA. Cross validation was helpful to determine the appropriate number of principal components. In fact, it proved that PLS combined with LDA yielded the highest success classification rate (94.3%), and PLS also performed well in firmness prediction of processed sweet corn.     

Synergistic effects of high pressure processing and slightly acidic electrolysed water on the inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores

Bacillus spores are concerns for their resistance to heat, high pressure processing (HPP), and disinfectants. We examined the effects of HPP and slightly acidic electrolysed water (SAEW) on inactivation of B. cereus spores. Spores' suspensions were prepared with 2‐(N‐morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer or SAEW with available chlorine content (ACC) of 24, 35, 44 or 55 mg L^?1, and then subjected to HPP. The individual effects of HPP or SAEW on spores were negligible (<1.0 log CFU mL^?1). With factorial design and anova analysis, HPP + SAEW treatment was shown to have significantly positive effects on spores’ inactivation. The optimal conditions were 300 MPa HPP + SAEW with 44 mg L^?1 ACC or 200 MPa HPP + SAEW with 44 mg L^?1 ACC + 500 MPa HPP, producing reductions of 3.27 and 3.99 log CFU mL^?1, respectively. HPP + SAEW have potentials to serve as two effective hurdle techniques for inactivating B. cereus spores.     

Sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of freeze‐dried colostral whey powders with different additives

Moisture adsorption isotherms of colostral whey (CW) powders with different additives (maltodextrin and sucrose) were determined using gravimetric static method at 15–35 °C in the water activity range of 0.067–0.76. The moisture adsorption isotherms obtained were typical sigmoid curves, and the modified‐Halsey and Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) equations gave the best fit to experimental data among five well‐known equations. Addition with maltodextrin into CW powders could effectively decrease equilibrium moisture content (EMC), whereas addition with sucrose increased EMC in the water activity of 0.43–0.76 at 15 and 25 °C and in the water activity of 0.21–0.76 at 35 °C, respectively. Thermodynamic properties including net isosteric heat of sorption and differential entropy were determined from adsorption data using Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The results showed that net isosteric heat of sorption of all the samples decreased exponentially with increasing EMC. Enthalpy–entropy compensation theory was applicable for adsorption process of all the samples, and the adsorption processes were enthalpy‐driven.     

Traffic state recognition using static images and FCM

Accurate recognition of the traffic condition can proactively alert drivers who will enter the congested road to avoid congestion, so that the degree of congestion will not be increased. And it is also the basis to make scientific decision on active traffic managements, and conducive to alleviate congestion, improve the traffic efficiency, save energy and reduce emission. In this paper, the traffic surveillance videos are sampled every three minutes to build static image database, and the road area is marked as the region of interest (ROI), and then ROI images are normalized in terms of angle and scale. The three image features in ROI, i.e., average gradient, corner and long edge number, are then extracted. Finally, the fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) method is used to classify the traffic condition into two classifications, i.e., flowing traffic and congestion. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively identify the traffic condition involved in the image by the accuracy of 98％. Moreover, compared with the video-based approaches, this method greatly reduces the implementation cost.     

Thermal management and catalytic combustion stability characteristics of premixed methane/air in heat recirculation meso‐combustors

In order to illuminate heat recirculation effect on catalytic combustion stability and further improve energy conversion efficiency in meso‐combustor, the catalytic combustion characteristics of the combustor with/without preheating channels are numerically studied at steady conditions. It is found that methane conversion rate and combustion efficiency increases by 2% to 3% and approximately 9% in the heat recirculation meso‐combustor, indicating that heat recirculation effect facilitates more complete combustion of methane and medium components. Preheating channels show positive effects on improving combustion stability in the heat recirculation meso‐combustor. On one hand, preheating channels facilitate heat recirculation effect, and heat recirculation rate exceeds 10% for all cases and reaches 31.8% with an inlet velocity of 0.5 m/s, leading to significant increment of methane‐specific enthalpy at the preheating channel outlet. On the other hand, Rh(s)/O(s) ratios of catalytic surface and catalytic surface temperature in main reaction zone are enlarged by the preheating channels, facilitating methane adsorption at catalytic surface. Specially, most of fuels are consumed in a shorter distance with higher methane conversion speed, which brings benefits to promote combustion efficiency and may be helpful to inhibit the combustion instability in heat recirculation meso‐combustors.