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51.
Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz 《含能材料》2006,14(6):449-452
A new method for prediction of Gurney velocity of explosives is introduced in which energy output is correlated with the heat of detonation, the number of moles of gaseous products of detonation per gram of explosive and the average molecular weight of gaseous products. It is assumed that the CHNO explosive reacts to form products composed of N2 , CO, H2O, CO2, H2,O2 and C(s) as determined by the oxygen balance of the unreacted compound. Good agreement is obtained between measured and calculated values of Gurney velocity as compared to previous correlations which assumed the reaction products to consist of N2 , H2O, CO2 and either C(s) or O2. 相似文献
52.
Karim Mohammad Pour Reza Jalil 《AEUE-International Journal of Electronics and Communications》2005,59(7):392-400
The sinuous antennas have a numerous applications in military and civil systems such as direction finding systems and reflector feeds due to their superior broadband characteristics and simultaneous polarization capability. In this paper, design, construction and measurements of planar sinuous antennas are investigated for 1–5 GHz frequency range. Feeding sections of this antenna are realized by using microstrip tapered baluns. We have determined the microstrip tapered balun dimensions using Ansoft HFSS-simulation program. The performances of the manufactured antenna are measured using HP vector network analyzer. Polarization patterns and return loss characteristics of the designed antenna that have been measured in anechoic chamber, are presented. 相似文献
53.
54.
Ahmad Nozad Golikand Elaheh Lohrasbi Mohammad Ghannadi Maragheh Mehdi Asgari 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(6):869-874
The effect of carbon surface oxidation on platinum supported carbon particles (Pt/C) with nitric acid was investigated by
cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization experiments and chronoamperometry. Cyclic voltammograms,
polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the treated catalyst had much larger active surface
area and higher ionic conductivity than the untreated catalyst, and provided enhanced performance for oxygen reduction. The
formation of acidic groups was examined by IR spectra. The Pt/C surface oxidation had a large effect on the performance of
a gas diffusion electrode for oxygen reduction reaction. 相似文献
55.
Polymer/Silica nanocomposite latex particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DM). The reaction was performed using a nonionic surfactant and in the presence of silica nanoparticles as the seed. The polymer‐coated silica nanoparticles with polymer content and number average particle sizes ranged from 32 to 93 wt % and 114–310 nm, respectively, were obtained depending on reaction conditions. Influences of some synthetic conditions such as MMA, DM, surfactant concentration, and the nature of initiator on the coating of the silica nanoparticles were studied. Electrostatic attraction between anionic surface of silica beads and cationic amino groups of DM is the main driving force for the formation of the nanocomposites. It was demonstrated that the ratio of DM/MMA is important factor in stability of the system. The particle size, polymer content, efficiency of the coating reaction, and morphology of resulted nanocomposite particles showed a dependence on the amount of the surfactant. Zeta potential measurements confirmed that the DM was located at the surface of the nanocomposites particles. Thermogravimeteric analysis indicated a relationship between the composition of polymer shell and polymer content of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were also characterized by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
56.
Habibeh Haddad Dabaghi Abdolmajid Bayandori Moghaddam Mahmood Kazemzad Rassoul Dinarvand Fezze Aryanasab Mohammad Reza Nabid 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(3):409-413
Electrochemical treatment processes can significantly contribute to the protection of the environment through the minimization
of waste and toxic materials in effluents. From a pharmaceutical point of view and due to the existing resemblance between
the electrochemical and biological reactions, it can be assumed that the oxidation mechanisms on the electrode and in the
body share similar principles. In this paper, the application of electrochemical studies in the design of an environmentally
friendly method was delineated for the new hydrocaffeic acid (HCA, 3,4-dihydroxy hydrocinnamic acid) derivatives synthesis
at carbon electrodes in an undivided cell. In this cell, the EC mechanism reaction was involved, comprising two steps alternatively;
(1) electrochemical oxidation and (2) chemical reaction. In particular, the electro-organic reactions of HCA, an important
biological molecule, were studied in a water–acetonitrile (90:10 v/v) mixture in the presence of benzenesulfinic acid (3) and p-toluenesulfinic acid (4). The research included the use of a variety of experimental techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential
electrolysis and product spectroscopic identification. 相似文献
57.
Khalid Mahmood Zia Mehdi Barikani Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti Mohammad Zuber Haq Nawaz Bhatti 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,109(3):1840-1849
A series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers was prepared by the reaction of poly(?‐caprolactone) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which was extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2–10 methylene units in their structure. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical structures of the synthesized PU samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The mechanical properties were also studied and are discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis and DSC analysis showed that CE length had a considerable effect on the thermal properties of the prepared samples. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and damping peaks were also affected by the number of methylene units in the CE length. The elastomer extended with 1,2‐ethane diol exhibited optimum thermal properties, whereas the elastomer based on 1,10‐decane diol displayed the worst thermal properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing CE length, whereas hardness showed the opposite trend. The glass‐transition temperature moved toward lower temperatures with increasing CE length. The decrease in the glass‐transition temperature and tensile properties were interpreted in terms of decreasing hard segments and increasing chain flexibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
58.
In this study, analytical modeling of the tensile strength of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures at low temperatures was developed. To do this, HMA mixtures were treated as a two-phase composite material with aggregates (coarse and fine) dispersed in an asphalt mastic matrix. A two-phase composite model, which was similar to Papanicolaou and Bakos's [J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. 11 (1992) 104] model with a particle embedded in an infinite matrix, was proposed. Unlike Papanicolaou and Bakos's model, an axial stress was introduced to the fiber end to consider the load transferred from the asphalt mastic the aggregate. Efforts were also made to consider the effect of aggregate gradation, asphalt mastic degradation, and interfacial damage between the aggregates and asphalt mastic matrix on the tensile strength of the HMA mixtures. Experimental investigations were conducted to validate the developed theoretical relations. A reasonable agreement was found between the predicted tensile strength and the experimental results at low temperatures. Parameters affecting the tensile strength of asphalt mixtures were discussed based on the calculated results. 相似文献
59.
A study of radiation effects on various types of glasses, dielectric optical coatings, cemented optics and fiber was undertaken with a view to select them for extreme radiation environments. Samples were exposed to different radiation doses in the Pakistan Research Reactor-I (PARR-I) for neutron and Cobalt 60 source for gamma irradiation. Transmissions were measured before and after irradiation. The dielectric coatings were subjected to additional tests (adhesion, abrasion and humidity, etc.) as per MIL-M-13508C and MIL-C-675C. All 15 glasses studied showed varying amounts of transmission loss as expected, with negligible degradation for three types. Recovery of transmissions with time/ageing was also studied, with more or less complete recovery with temperature annealing. A faster bleaching of darkened/brown glasses was achieved by using UV lamps or UV laser. The dielectric coatings (HR, AR) and one of the two commercial optical cements showed excellent resistance to neutrons and gamma radiations, and could be good candidates for the fabrication and utilization of optical components in extreme radiation environments. The data allowed several Chinese glasses to be studied for the first time. 相似文献
60.
Cost estimation of structural skeleton using an interactive automation algorithm: A conceptual approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper addresses a new concept for generating bills of quantities (B.o.Qs) using AutoCAD drawings for a building project, which demonstrates the application of Industry Foundation Class (IFC), developed by International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The procedure considers types of materials and the structural shapes of the AutoCAD drawings to compute the cost of the structural skeleton elements using interactive automation. The main concept focuses on using layer computation of the AutoCAD drawing after converting it into a drawing inter-exchangeable file format (DXF). Once the coordinates are detected, it is easier to determine the area and volume for any structural shape, including circles and polygons. The extracting method is a new technique for structural engineers and quantity surveyors to estimate required material for beam, columns, slabs and foundations. The algorithm extracts and recognizes the layers and objects from a two dimensional DXF drawing along with the coordinates information. The results obtained using this technique are more accurate and reliable than manual procedures or any other traditional techniques. In this paper, an automated and interactive procedure for B.o.Q computation is demonstrated. The process involves a user-friendly interface, dynamic linking to the structural drawings and tracking of B.o.Q modifications at the same time. 相似文献