木薯发酵制备酒精后剩余残渣的综合利用

木薯发酵制备乙醇会产生大量以淀粉和纤维素为主要成分的残渣。经实验证明,在浓硫酸(60%)、浓硝酸和催化剂共同作用下,经水解-氧化-水解可成功地将木薯渣制备成草酸。实验确定了用木薯渣制备草酸的较优条件,测定了产品的熔点,分析了剩余残渣、废水,结果表明剩余残渣和废水不会对环境造成污染,既为草酸的生产提供了新思路,又为农产品的残渣综合利用找到途径,发展前景广阔。     

Superhydrophobic Paper-Based Microfluidic Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Functionalized with Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube and DNAzyme for Hypocalcemia Diagnosis

Hypocalcemia is caused by a sharp decline in blood calcium concentration after dairy cow calving, which can lead to various diseases or even death. It is necessary to develop an inexpensive, easy-to-operate, reliable sensor to diagnose hypocalcemia. The cellulose-paper-based microfluidic field-effect biosensor is promising for point-of-care, but it has poor mechanical strength and a short service life after exposure to an aqueous solution. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), as a popular organosilane derivative, can improve the hydrophobicity of cellulose paper to overcome the shortage of cellulose paper. In this work, OTS was used to produce the superhydrophobic cellulose paper that enhances the mechanical strength and short service life of MFB, and a microfluidic field-effect biosensor (MFB) with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and DNAzyme was then developed for the Ca²⁺ determination. Pyrene carboxylic acid (PCA) attached to SWNTs through a non-covalent π-π stacking interaction provided a carboxyl group that can bond with an amino group of DNAzyme. Two DNAzymes with different sensitivities were designed by changing the sequence length and cleavage site, which were functionalized with SPFET/SWNTs-PCA to form Dual-MFB, decreasing the interference of impurities in cow blood. After optimizing the detecting parameters, Dual-MFB could determine the Ca²⁺ concentration in the range of 25 μM to 5 mM, with a detection limit of 10.7 μM. The proposed Dual-MFB was applied to measure Ca²⁺ concentration in cow blood, which provided a new method to diagnose hypocalcemia after dairy cow calving.     

A deep-learning-based prediction method of the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)of shale gas wells

The estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)of shale gas wells is influenced by many factors,and the accurate prediction still faces certain challenges.As an artificial...     

HA177-2A海水淡化蒸发塔结垢堵塞及清洗

某石化公司海水淡化装置的核心设备海水蒸发器,由于堵塞严重影响了装置的正常运行,分析了结垢的组成后提出了具体解决措施,在确保不损害设备的情况下进行了化学清洗.清洗效果理想,没有发生铝黄铜选择性腐蚀及点蚀,除垢率达到98%以上,达到了预期的目的.     

抗腐蚀低密度水泥浆体系的研究

分析了地层水腐蚀油井水泥的机理,并通过大量试验研究,开发出了密度为1.30—1.50 g/cm~3的低密度水泥浆体系。同时在模拟腐蚀性地层水中,对该体系水泥浆凝结硬化形成的水泥石试件的耐久性和浆体的综合工程性能进行了评价。结果表明,该低密度水泥浆体系耐地层水腐蚀能力强,综合工程性能良好,可满足易漏浅井防止腐蚀性地层水腐蚀套管外壁的固井要求。     

多功能油层保护剂JQD的研制与应用

针对新疆小拐油田裂缝-孔隙型储层特点,开发研制了一种新型的兼具防漏堵漏及油层保护功能的JQD处理剂。该处理剂具有较好的油溶率、酸溶率,与现有钻井完井液体系配伍性良好,加工粒径可调,对1—4mm的裂缝堵漏效果良好。动态损害实验表明,JQD体系的岩心渗透率恢复值不小于80％。现场试验三口表明,JQD与钻井液配伍性良好,防漏堵漏效果显著,性能调整及维护方便,起下钻及电测顺利。三口井投产后,两口井产量分别为30和28t/d,一口井产气量为1.1×10~4m~3/d,说明储层得到了有效的保护,实现了“堵得住、解得开”的目标。     

用标准化全烃值进行地层对比

全烃测量值由于受客观影响因素较多,在以其值高低进行单井纵向及井间横向对比时往往可比性不够理想,该文采用两种方法对全烃进行归一化处理后再进行对比,实际证明效果明显。     

Influence of Negative Pressure Gradient on Pressure Distribution and Gas-Solid Flow Pattern of Solid Feed Systems

A series of experiments on a solid feed system was performed to investigate the effect of negative pressure gradient on the gas-solid flow pattern and hydrodynamic characteristics.Based on the non-fluidized gas-solid two phase flow and particulate mechanics in the standpipe,a method for predicting the pressure of the air passing through the recycle chamber and the pressure drop through the loop seal slit in these systems is also presented.The predicted pressure profile along the negative pressure gradient from the proposed model exhibits a good agreement with the experimental data.The experimental data show that the gas flow in the standpipe is always upward in the negative pressure gradients,while the direction ofthe superficial gas velocity through the recycle chamber of the loop seal does not affect the pressure drop in standpipe.It increases with an increasing negative pressure gradient.     

柴达木盆地油泉子储油构造分析

通过对野外露头、地震反射剖面和钻井资料的综合分析,查明柴达木盆地油泉子储油构造为共轭膝褶带夹持的不对称半箱状背斜,具有北北东倾的平直转折端,北翼为一宽超过800m的大型膝褶带,高角度倾向南南西,带内岩层产状直立。带内岩层的旋转指示南侧沿膝褶带向北逆向剪切。南翼发育四条规模较小的膝褶带,向南逆冲剪切,导致该翼呈阶梯状产出,总体南南西倾,倾角约20°。沿南北两翼膝褶带边界仅见小型高角逆断层,膝褶带内裂隙发育,主要为顺层张裂隙,其次为与层理近垂直的张裂隙(主要出现在坚硬的钙质粉砂岩中),偶尔见有小型低角逆冲断层。这些断裂普遍被纤维状石膏充填,并见少量油迹,表明这些断裂为高流体压力下的产物。鉴于膝褶带及相关背斜高点为裂隙发育带,具有油气运移和聚集的双重功能,在缺乏足够理想的岩性储集层的情况下,为寻找裂隙型油气藏提供了新途径。     

耐硫酸露点腐蚀的导热搪瓷技术

文章主要介绍了导热搪瓷这种新技术的特点,炼油厂及电厂的加热炉和空气预热器的硫酸露点腐蚀状况,以及导热搪瓷在电厂和炼油厂使用情况。河北郁宏搪瓷有限公司采用静电(干法)搪瓷技术生产的回转式和管箱式导热搪瓷空气预热器已在许多电厂和化工企业得到应用,使用寿命一般超过8年。中国石油天然气股份有限公司锦州分公司将三组搪瓷空气预热器于2004年10月应用于催化裂化重整装置,使加热炉的排烟温度从投用前的282℃降至投用后的136℃,同时使加热炉每月的燃气消耗减少60t。