Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engine

An experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the effects of using diethyl ether and ethanol as additives to biodiesel/diesel blends on the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine. The test fuels are denoted as B30 (30% biodiesel and 70% diesel in vol.), BE-1 (5% diethyl ether, 25% biodiesel and 70% diesel in vol.) and BE-2 (5% ethanol, 25% biodiesel and 70% diesel in vol.) respectively. The results indicate that, compared with B30, there is slightly lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for BE-1. Drastic reduction in smoke is observed with BE-1 and BE-2 at higher engine loads. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are found slightly higher for BE-2. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are slightly higher for BE-1 and BE-2, but carbon monoxide (CO) are slightly lower. The peak pressure, peak pressure rise rate and peak heat release rate of BE-1 are almost similar to those of B30, and higher than those of BE-2 at lower engine loads. At higher engine loads the peak pressure, peak pressure rise rate and peak heat release rate of BE-1 are the highest and those of B30 are the lowest. BE-1 reflects better engine performance and combustion characteristics than BE-2 and B30.     

九江长江干流江岸赤心堤段高压喷射灌浆施工

介绍了江西省九江长江干流江岸赤心堤段高压喷射灌浆设计与施工,并对高喷灌浆效果进行了评价,分析资料表明高喷灌浆达到了预期的良好效果,所采用的施工工艺合适可行。     

减压渣油换热器在线清洗技术的研究与应用

中国石油天然气股份有限公司乌鲁木齐石化分公司1.2 Mt/a延迟焦化装置投产后出现了渣油换热器换热效率下降快的问题,检修时发现换热器壳程(渣油侧)结垢严重。分析认为,焦垢主要为渣油中高稠环胶质、沥青质氧化后在高温下析出的产物;用新鲜水、焦化柴油和重芳烃浸泡不同硬度的垢样,发现重芳烃对硬焦块有一定的溶解性,对软焦块及焦粉溶解性更好,当温度升至130℃时,重芳烃可以完全溶解软焦块及焦粉。对装置在线清洗流程进行了改造,将重芳烃物流并入换热器柴油冲洗流程,实现了渣油换热器的在线清洗。清洗后在相同操作条件下换热后温度由250℃上升至295℃左右,效果非常明显。且清洗后的污油由装置自己回炼,对环境没有影响。     

海藻酸钠-胰蛋白酶微球的制备及药物释放性能

通过离子凝胶法制备出球形完好的海藻酸钠-胰蛋白酶微球.红外分析表明,微球中凝胶基质通过海藻酸钠的-COO-与Ca2+发生静电作用交联形成.SEM观察显示微球中存在蛋格结构及孔洞.考察了不同因素对微球载药率、包封率和体外释药率的影响.结果表明,海藻酸钠水溶液浓度越高释药率越低,当海藻酸钠与胰蛋白酶质量比为4,海藻酸钠水溶...     

我国魔芋粉加工技术和设备的研究与应用

阐述了国内魔芋粉20年来加工技术与设备的研究与应用,分别对鲜魔芋脱水和魔芋粉生产的技术与设备进行了总结,简述了目前研究中存在的主要困难与问题,提出了魔芋粉加工未来发展的思路.     

基于Fluent的旋流混合反应器模拟与优化

为了提高含油污水处理中药剂的混合效率,基于流场强度理论和Fluent软件,建立旋流混合反应器三维几何模型,对污水加药旋流混合反应器内流场进行模拟,研究了污水处理量、污水含油质量浓度、反应器直径和筒体高度对药剂混合效果的影响,并优化了旋流混合反应器的结构参数.研究结果表明:随着污水处理量的增加,药剂混合效果增强;污水含油...     

复方芦荟口服液的毒理学安全性与通便功效研究

评价一种以低聚果糖、水苏糖、芦荟、黑木耳为原料的复方口服液的通便功效和毒理学安全性。依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范(2003年版)》,进行小鼠小肠运动试验、首次排便时间和粪便粒数、粪便重量的测定试验、小鼠急性经口毒性试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶试验(Salmonella Typhimurium/Mammals Microsomal Enzyme Test,Ames试验)、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d灌胃毒性试验。试验各观测点及终末期大、小鼠体质量均无组间差异(P>0.05);与便秘模型对照组相比,样品各剂量组5 h内排便粒数均无显著性差异(P>0.05),首便时间均提前(P<0.05,P<0.01),1.0和3.0 ml/kg?BW剂量组墨汁推进率均提高(P<0.01),3.0 ml/kg?BW剂量组5 h内粪便重量增加(P<0.05);小鼠急性经口毒性最大耐受剂量(maximum tolerable dose,MTD)大于15.00 g/kg?BW;不论加S9与否,在最高剂量达5 μl/皿的条件下,样品各剂量组标准测试菌株TA97a、TA98、TA100和TA102回复突变数均未超过相应溶剂对照值的两倍;与溶剂对照相比,样品各剂量组小鼠微核细胞率、精子畸变率未见显著变化(P>0.05);样品各剂量组雌、雄大鼠均活动、生长正常,进食量、食物利用率以及肝、肾、脾、睾丸等脏器湿重与脏体比均无显著性差异(P>0.05);血液学及血生化指标检测值均在本实验室历史参考值范围内;10.0 ml/kg?BW剂量组雌、雄大鼠未发现与口服液明显有关的组织病理学改变。该口服液具有通便功效,未见其急性毒性、遗传毒性或亚急性经口毒性。     

Nonlinear phase dynamics of ideal kink mode in the presence of shear flow

We investigate nonlinear phase dynamics of an ideal kink mode, induced by E × B flow. Here the phase is the cross phase(θ_c) between perturbed stream function of velocity■ and magnetic field ■, i.e. θ_c= θ_φ-θ_ψ. A dimensionless parameter, analogous to the Richardson number,■(γ_(kink): the normalized growth rate of the pure kink mode; ■: normalized E × B shearing rate) is defined to measure the competition between phase pinning by the current density and phase detuning by the flow shear. When R_i 1, θ_c is locked to a fixed value,corresponding to the conventional eigenmode solution. When R_i≤1, θ_c enters a phase slipping or oscillating state, corresponding to a nonmodal solution. The nonlinear phase dynamics method provides a more intuitive explanation of the complex dynamical behavior of the kink mode in the presence of E × B shear flow.