Fabrication and characterization of nano silver powder prepared by spray pyrolysis

Silver powder was fabricated by spray pyrolysis, using 2%–20% AgNO₃ solution, 336–500 mL/h flux of AgNO₃ solution, 0.28–0.32 MPa flux of carrier gas and in the 620–820 °C temperature range. The effects of furnace set temperature, concentration of AgNO₃ aqueous solution, flux of AgNO₃ aqueous solution as well as carrier gas on the morphology and particle size distribution of silver powder, were investigated. The experimental results showed that with the high concentration of AgNO₃ aqueous solution, the average grain size of silver decreased with the increasing of furnace set temperature. But the gain size distribution was not homogenous, the discontinuous grain growth occurred. With the low concentration of AgNO₃ aqueous solution, the higher furnace set temperature made the nano sliver grains sintered together to grow. Nano silver powder about 100 nm was fabricated by spray pyrolysis, using 2wt% AgNO₃ solutions, 336 mL/h flux of AgNO₃ aqueous solution, 0.32 MPa flux of carrier gas at 720 °C furnace set temperature.     

Biologically adaptive robust mean shift algorithm with Cauchy predator-prey BBO and space variant resolution for unmanned helicopter formation

Visual tracking technology can provide measurement information for unmanned helicopter formation and thus, more attention is being paid to this research area. We propose a novel mean shift （MS） algorithm that is both adaptive and robust for unmanned helicopter formation and apply it to the leading unmanned helicopter tracking. The movement of an unmanned helicopter is very flexible and changeable, which makes the tracking there of more difficulty than for common targets. In creating an algorithm that can adapt to the acceleration of the unmanned helicopter and estimates both the scale and orientation of the movement changes, we combine the traditional MS with the bio-inspired Cauchy predator-prey biogeography-based optimization （CPPBBO） evolutionary algorithm, and also the space variant resolution （SVR） mechanism of the human visual system （MS-CPPBBO-SVR）. To demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method and justify the importance of the CPPBBO algorithm and SVR mechanism at the same time, a series of comparative exper- iments were carried out. The experimental results of the proposed MS-CPPBBO-SVR method are compared with other competitive tracking methods, such as MS, MS with SVR （MS-SVR）, MS-SVR with several other optimization algorithms, and the robust particle filter algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed tracking approach, MS-CPPBBO-SVR, is more adaptive, robust and efficient in target tracking than the other methods.     

A sub-region one-to-one mapping (SOM) detection algorithm for glass passivation parts wafer surface low-contrast texture defects

Glass Passivation Parts (GPP) wafer texture defects are one of the most important factors affecting the accuracy of wafer defect detection. Template matching has local errors and low efficiency, and deep learning requires many training samples. In the early stage, defect training sample sets cannot be provided. This paper discusses the design of an effective GPP wafer grain region texture defect detection algorithm using a sub-region one-to-one mapping. A set of standard wafer datum is selected as the reference of grain region segmentation detection, and then the standard wafer images and test GPP wafer images are automatically calibrated and segmented, respectively. Then, a series of pre-processes were performed to equalize the sizes of the two grain-region images. Then the grain region was divided into an equal number of rectangular sub-regions of the same size according to the measurement precision requirement. The correlation degree of each test sub-region is judged by the designed three-channel RGB gray-scale similarity decision functions. Experiments show that the algorithm successfully achieved the necessary calibration and segmentation for the grain region. Compared with the template and histogram matching algorithms, the proposed method does not require a training set, the detection accuracy is significantly improved and the detection efficiency is up to 29.74 times better on average using the proposed algorithm.

     

New Robust Stability Criteria for Lur’e Systems with Time-varying Delays and Sector-bounded Nonlinearities

This paper deals with a robust stability problem for uncertain Lur’e systems with time-varying delays and sector-bounded nonlinearities. An improved delay-dependent robust stability criterion is proposed via a modified Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) approach. Firstly, a modified LKF consisting of delay-dependent matrices and double-integral items under two delay subintervals is constructed, thereby making full use of the delay and its derivative information. Secondly, the stability criteria can be expressed as convex linear matrix inequality (LMI) via the properties of quadratic function application. Thirdly, to further reduce the conservatism of stability criteria, the quadratic generalized free-weighting matrix inequality (QGFMI) is used. Finally, some numerical examples, including the Lur’e system and the general linear time-delayed system, are presented to show the improvement of the proposed approach.

     

Analytical investigation on thermal-induced warpage behavior of ultrathin chip-on-flex (UTCOF) assembly

The serious warpage issues of ultrathin chip-on-flex (UTCOF) assembly induced by mismatched thermal stresses have greatly affected the mechanical stability and reliability of emerging ultrathin chip packaging technology. Currently, a theoretical prediction as a convenient and straightforward approach is still lacked for describing effectively the thermal-mechanical behavior of UTCOF during the adhesive curing and cooling process. In consideration of the adhesive thickness approximating to ultrathin chip and flexible substrate thickness, we develop a layerwise-model of ultrathin chip-adhesive-flex structure under plain strain condition, where the behavior of thick adhesive bonding can be described precisely through increasing the subdivided mathematical plies. Further, the analytical results show that the concave and convex forms of ultrathin chip warpage yield at the end of the curing and cooling process respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of its structure dimensions and material properties are also revealed for discussing a way to relieve the extent of ultrathin chip warpage. Additionally, in order to verify the validity of the theoretical prediction, we also introduce the corresponding numerical technique and experimental method. These results suggest that a kind of rigid and ultrathin flexible substrate such as metal foil should be adopted for small warpage of ultrathin assembly.     

粉末注射成形Fe-50%Ni软磁合金

Fe-50%Ni合金是一种典型的高磁导率和低矫顽力的软磁材料,有着广阔的应用前景.本次实验以羰基铁粉和羰基镍粉为原料粉末,采用注射成形方法制取Fe-50%Ni软磁合金,研究了高能球磨制备粉末对注射成形工艺以及材料性能的影响.研究结果表明与未经过高能球磨的混合粉末相比,高能球磨改变了原料粉末的粒度和粒度组成,提高了粉末的振实密度,进而提高了装载量.通过显微组织分析得知,高能球磨能使两种粉末发生塑性变形并冷焊合,形成了复合粉,促进了两种成分之间发生扩散和固态反应,同时还增加了粉末颗粒的能量,使颗粒表面活化,促进了烧结,提高了烧结材料的致密度.本实验最终获得了高性能的软磁合金材料磁导率41.27 mH/m,饱和磁感应强度1.498 T,矫顽力7.533 A/m.所得到的软磁材料性能优于相应传统粉末冶金方法获得的材料性能.     

金属蜂窝负载Pd催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气

采用浸渍法制备负载金属Pd(其中金属Pd含量0.6g/L)活性组分的金属蜂窝载体催化剂,应用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气。实验表明,焙烧温度为950℃的催化剂较600℃的催化剂甲烷转化率、CO和H2的选择性更高,焙烧温度为950℃的催化剂在反应温度800℃,GHSV=1×105ml/g·h条件下,甲烷转化率为91%,CO和H2的选择性分别达到90%和89%。用SEM与XPS对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,950℃焙烧催化剂并没有出现明显的烧结现象,且可能由于更多零价Pd的出现,使得该催化剂的性能更好。由于金属蜂窝载体优良的导热性,对950℃焙烧温度制备的金属蜂窝催化剂,催化剂床层的飞温点温度小于880℃,可以解决其它类型催化剂在甲烷部分氧化反应中出现的飞温问题,具有一定的工业化意义。     

金属凝固微观组织形成的数值模拟

依据金属凝固的基本理论,在Oldfield的连续形核和晶粒长大模型基础上,引入了时间因子,运用随机方法,建立了连续冷却条件下形核和生长的随机模型,使形核和生长模型函数与时间直接相关,反映了连续冷却条件下的金属凝固微观组织的演化过程。基于上述模型,编制了计算模拟程序,模拟了Zn-5Al共晶合金微观组织的凝固过程,并用试验结果对模拟结果进行了验证对比,模拟结果与试验结果基本相符。     

无缝管轧制变形区内金属流动和摩擦力的实验研究

用自行设计的实验装置真实描述出无缝管轧制变形区内单位轧制力，纵、横向摩擦力的分布规律，绘制出变形区各点的摩擦力分布和金属流动轨迹图。     

450mm热连轧机组轧制带钢拓宽分析

讨论了邯郸钢铁公司一轧厂450mm热连轧带钢的拓宽问题；对该机组及其φ500mm开坯机进行了现场测试，并在计算机上进行了带钢拓宽模拟轧制，得出了该机组的最大轧制负荷及其带钢的拓宽限度。