一种广义主成分提取算法及其收敛性分析

广义主成分分析在现代信号处理的诸多领域发挥着重要的作用。目前,自适应广义主成分分析算法还并不多见。针对这一现状,该文提出一种快速收敛的广义主成分分析算法,并通过理论分析所提算法的确定性离散时间系统,导出了保证算法收敛的学习因子和初始权向量模值等边界条件。仿真实验和实际应用验证了所提算法的正确性和有用性。仿真结果还表明,所提算法比现有同类算法具有更快的收敛速度和更高的估计精度。     

基于随机摄动再采样的粒子概率假设密度滤波器

作为概率假设密度滤波的典型实现方式,粒子概率假设密度滤波器无需线性高斯等先验假设,因而在多目标跟踪中得到了广泛的应用。为解决粒子退化问题并保持粒子规模,该滤波器引入了重采样机制,然而,该重采样机制易引起粒子多样性耗尽,导致粒子贫化问题产生。为解决这一问题,该文提出一种新的基于随机摄动再采样的粒子概率假设密度滤波器。首先,全面分析了粒子概率假设密度滤波因粒子贫化问题导致目标失跟的过程。然后设计了一种随机摄动再采样算法,该算法在重采样导致粒子多样性缺失时,根据源粒子的位置与复制次数随机产生相应数目的新粒子,并对源粒子进行删减,其可在保留源粒子信息的前提下保持粒子的多样性。最后,该文将该算法纳入概率假设密度滤波框架,提出了一种新的粒子概率假设密度滤波器。仿真结果表明该滤波器在不显著增加运行时间的前提下能够克服粒子贫化问题,相比标准的粒子概率假设密度滤波器具有更好的跟踪性能。     

壳聚糖膜在渗透汽化中的研究进展

渗透汽化膜分离液体混合物不但能耗低,且具有明显的经济优势,因而被广泛应用于食品、医药、农业和化工等多个领域,但其分离性能、热稳定性、耐酸碱性和环保性等方面还有待提高.壳聚糖因具有强亲水性和易改性而使其分离性能优异,此外,壳聚糖稳定性好,来源广泛且具有生物可降解性,是一种极具发展潜力的渗透汽化膜材料.然而,由于单一的壳聚糖膜易吸水溶胀而分离选择性较差,限制了其在渗透汽化领域的应用.因此,对壳聚糖进行改性,使其具有良好的力学性能和选择性至关重要.常用的改性方法有交联、接枝、共混和复合等.交联可提高壳聚糖膜的力学性能,但是会消耗大量的亲水基团,并显著降低渗透通量;共混使壳聚糖膜具有更佳的渗透选择性和渗透通量,但更易吸水溶胀;复合膜中掺入少量的无机粒子可在提高材料分离性的基础上改善其力学性能和热性能,然而,复合膜受聚合物和无机离子之间的界面差异以及无机粒子团聚性影响较大.为了使壳聚糖膜具有更加优异的综合性能,研究者往往会同时采用多种改性方法.本文介绍了渗透汽化技术的研究背景和分离机理,分析了壳聚糖膜的成膜机理、制备和应用.重点从有机物/水和有机物/有机物两个方面综述了壳聚糖膜材料在渗透汽化分离中的研究进展,对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为快速制备稳定性高、分离性能优异的新型壳聚糖膜提供参考.     

基于增秩Kalman滤波的移动车辆荷载在线识别

提出了一种基于增秩Kalman滤波(augmented Kalman filter,AKF)的移动车辆荷载在线识别方法.将车辆荷载向量与桥梁结构状态向量联立构成增秩状态向量,基于AKF算法,利用桥梁状态空间方程和少量振动响应获得增秩状态向量的无偏最小方差估计,进而实时识别车辆荷载.以简支梁-弹簧质量车桥耦合系统为数值分...     

Series resistance determination of Au/Polypyrrole/p-Si/Al structure by current–voltage measurements at low temperatures

The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Polypyrrole(PPy)/p-Si/Al structure have been investigated as a function of temperature. A modified Norde function combined with conventional forward I–V method has been used to extract the junction parameters including the ideality factor, barrier height and series resistance. Norde function has been compared with the Cheung functions and it has been seen that there is a good agreement with both method for the barrier height values. However, the values of series resistance have very different especially towards to the lower temperatures. This is attributed to non-ideal I–V characteristics of the Au/PPy/p-Si/Al structure and non-pure Thermionic emission theory due to the low temperature effects.     

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers,Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines,and Histological Changes in Experimental Hypertension,Dyslipidemia, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The present study aims to compare the oxidative stress biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes induced by three cardiovascular risk factors, namely, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension was induced with 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl (L-NAME) administered orally. Dyslipidemia was induced by the administration of a diet with a high cholesterol (2%) content. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of streptozocin (65 mg/kg). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidative status (TOS) are increased by all three cardiovascular risk factors (up to 207%). The indirect assessment of NO synthesis (NOx) is observed to be reduced after L-NAME administration (43%), and dyslipidemia induction (16%), while type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with the highest levels of NOx (increased 112%). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 1 diabetes reduced the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and total thiol (SH) levels (up to 57%). The values of evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), assessed from the ascending aorta were elevated by all three cardiovascular risk factors, with the highest levels induced by type 1 diabetes mellitus (up to 259%). The histopathological examination of the ascending and descending aorta revealed reversible pro-atherogenic changes consisting of the accumulation of lipid droplets in the subendothelial connective tissue on rats with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Irreversible pro-atherogenic changes consisting of a reduction of the specific elasticity of the arteries were observed in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus demonstrates an alteration of the oxidative stress parameters, the elevation of tissue levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and causing irreversible pro-atherogenic changes on the aortic wall.     

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs that enhance appropriate pancreatic β-cell secretion, pancreatic α-cell (glucagon) suppression, decrease liver glucose production, increase satiety through their action on the central nervous system, slow gastric emptying time, and increase insulin action on peripheral tissue. They are effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and have a favorable effect on weight loss. Their cardiovascular and renal safety has been extensively investigated and confirmed in many clinical trials. Recently, evidence has shown that in addition to the existing approaches for the treatment of obesity, semaglutide in higher doses promotes weight loss and can be used as a drug to treat obesity. However, some T2DM and obese patients do not achieve a desired therapeutic effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists. This could be due to the multifactorial etiologies of T2DM and obesity, but genetic variability in the GLP-1 receptor or signaling pathways also needs to be considered in non-responders to GLP-1 receptor agonists. This review focuses on the pharmacological, clinical, and genetic factors that may influence the response to GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.     

早期CT环池形态变化与急性颅脑损伤病人预后关系的研究

目的前瞻性研究急性颅脑损伤患者早期CT扫描征象的环池形态和中脑变形程度与病人预后的关系,以指导临床的治疗。方法对132例病人早期CT扫描,在中脑水平准确测量环池宽度,分6个组记录数据。同时观测中脑有无变形及测量其前后径与横径之比。治疗后按GOS标准,随访3个月,评定疗效。结果通过比较,环池宽度>1mm者有较佳的预后;中脑无变形及前后径与横径之比为0.9∶1.1者的预后较佳。结论研究得出,环池形态、中脑受压变形能作为急性颅脑损伤患者预后判断的指标,并为临床医师治疗方案提供重要依据。     

Estrogen Receptors Mediated Negative Effects of Estrogens and Xenoestrogens in Teleost Fishes—Review

Estrogen receptors (ERs) play a key role in many biochemical and physiological processes, that are involved in maintaining organism homeostasis. At the most basic level, they can be divided into nuclear estrogen receptors and membrane estrogen receptors that imply their effect in two ways: slower genomic, and faster non-genomic. In these ways, estrogens and xenoestrogens can negatively affect animal health and welfare. Most of the available literature focuses on human and mammalian physiology, and clearly, we can observe a need for further research focusing on complex mutual interactions between different estrogens and xenoestrogens in aquatic animals, primarily fishes. Understanding the mechanisms of action of estrogenic compounds on the ERs in fishes and their negative consequences, may improve efforts in environmental protection of these animals and their environment and benefit society in return. In this review, we have summarized the ER-mediated effects of xenoestrogens and estrogens on teleost fishes metabolism, their carcinogenic potential, immune, circulatory, and reproductive systems.     

加热面朝下的池沸腾汽泡动态行为研究

基于Matlab软件开发了自动识别气液两相流界面程序,程序可获得气液界面变化、汽膜厚度、汽膜脱离周期和汽膜法向速度等特征。利用该程序对沟槽结构加热表面朝下布置时,在不同倾角、不同热流密度下的汽泡动态数据进行了处理和分析。结果表明：加热表面朝下发生核态沸腾时,汽膜厚度随热流密度的增大而增大,汽泡脱离周期随热流密度的增大先减小,而后维持在一稳定值;汽膜脱离周期随倾角的增大而减小,倾角为5°时的汽膜脱离周期稳定在0.27 s左右。当发生沸腾危机时,汽膜厚度迅速减小,这可作为动态监测加热表面沸腾状态的依据。