委内瑞拉减渣热转化及其残渣油反溶剂造粒研究

研究在间歇釜式反应装置上委内瑞拉渣油的热转化,在常温常压下,选择甲苯为溶剂,正戊烷为反溶剂,选取反应温度为420℃,反应时间为30～90 min的热反应残渣油进行反溶剂造粒。残渣油浓度从20.0%～66.7%,剂油比从2∶1至8∶1进行反溶剂造粒,随着溶液浓度的减小和剂油比的增大,不溶物沥青颗粒收率呈下降趋势;随着溶液浓度的减小和剂油比的增大,不溶物沥青颗粒的粒度减小且粒度分布趋于均匀。反溶剂比为8∶1时,戊烷可溶物和戊烷不溶物中的H/C原子比都相对较高。     

STD NMR study of the interactions between antibody 2G12 and synthetic oligomannosides that mimic selected branches of gp120 glycans

The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is able to shield immunogenic peptide epitopes on its envelope spike (a trimer of two glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41) by presenting numerous host-derived N-linked glycans. Nevertheless, broadly neutralizing antibodies against gp120 and gp41 have been isolated from HIV-1-infected patients and provide protection against viral challenge in animal models. Among these, the monoclonal antibody 2G12 binds to clusters of high-mannose-type glycans that are present on the surface of gp120. These types of glycans have thus been envisaged as target structures for the development of synthetic agents capable of eliciting 2G12-like antibodies. High-resolution structural studies of 2G12 and chemically defined glycan-type ligands, including crystallographic data, have been performed to gain an insight into this interaction. Further studies are still required to design a carbohydrate-based vaccine for HIV. Our previous NMR studies highlighted different recognition modes of two branched synthetic oligosaccharides, a penta- and a heptamannoside, by 2G12 in solution. In order to clarify the underlying structural reasons for such different behaviors, we have herein "dissected" the branches into the linear tri- and tetra- oligomannosides by chemical synthesis and studied their interactions with 2G12 in solution by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. The results confirm the distinct preferences of 2G12 for the studied branches and afford explanations for the observed differences. This study provides important structural information for further ligand optimizations. Possible effects of structural modifications on the solvent-exposed end of the ligands are also discussed.     

Graphene decoration with metal nanoparticles: towards easy integration for sensing applications

A simple and versatile method for the decoration of CVD grown graphene with metal nanoparticles is presented. The mechanism of nanoparticle formation is galvanic displacement resulting in physically adsorbed clusters. The single layer graphene obtained by this method can be easily transferred. Integration onto a gas sensing transducer is presented as proof of concept.     

质子化哌嗪化学吸收CO2过程研究与分析

为研究有机胺吸收/解吸CO₂变化过程,以哌嗪(PZ)为吸收剂,利用浓硫酸调节PZ的质子化程度,通过核磁共振技术研究不同pH下的PZ溶液吸收CO₂情况,进一步揭示PZ和质子化PZ化学吸收/解吸CO₂的过程机理。结果表明,吸收过程中PZ与CO₂反应生成哌嗪单氨基甲酸盐和双氨基甲酸盐;当溶液pH为7.95时,溶液中哌嗪双氨基甲酸盐和部分单氨基甲酸盐发生水解,生成碳酸氢根;当溶液pH低于7.95时,溶液中CO₂以哌嗪单氨基甲酸盐和碳酸氢根形式共存。与PZ吸收剂相比,质子化PZ吸收CO₂过程中的双氨基甲酸盐相对含量降低,解吸性能提高,有利于PZ吸收剂的再生。     

Exercise training-induced changes in sensitivity to endothelin-1 and aortic and cerebellum lipid profile in rats

The purpose of this work was to study whether exercise training induces changes in the lipid profile of rat aorta and nervous system and in the in vitro intrinsic responsiveness of these tissues to endothelin-1 (ET-1) treatment. The exercise program performed successfully produced the characteristic metabolic alterations of the trained state. Exercise training induced a large and significant increase in the levels of both aortic ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlasEtn) and glucosylceramides. In contrast, a decrease of aortic ceramide and cholesterol levels was evoked by exercise training. ET-1 increased PlasEtn content only in sedentary animals. An exercise-induced increase in cerebellum levels of ceramides and ceramide monohexosides was found. The cerebellum ceramide content was increased by FT-1 more noticeably in sedentary rats than in trained animals. In contrast, cerebral cortex was observed to be largely insensitive to both exercise training and ET-1 treatment. It was concluded that exercise training (i) induces changes in both vascular and cerebellar lipid profiles, the former being much more pronounced than the latter, and (ii) diminishes the aortic and cerebellar sensitivity to ET-1 action.     

多相平衡的状态方程一步算法研究

介绍一种多相平衡的状态方程一步算法 ,即一种通过修正摩尔分数和的解方程法———τ因子法。该法只需要求解一次最小化问题 ,就可以同时给出多相平衡时存在的相数、各相的量及组成。文中对正十六烷 水 氢气和甲苯 水 氢气等两个体系进行了闪蒸计算。     

用于清除胆红素的磁性亲和分离方法

An affinity adsorbent, Cibacron Blue 3GA immobilized magnetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres was used for bilirubin removal taking the advantage of easy separation of magnetic sorbent from the biosystem.Fe3 O4 superparamagnetic particles was synthesized with hydrothermal reaction of ferrous chloride (FeC12) and ferric chloride (FeCl3). Such magnetic particles are then encapsulated in biocompatible PVA to form magnetic polymer microspheres sized from 2 to 15 nm with hydroxyl groups on its surface. Cibacron Blue 3GA, a dye-ligand, was covalently coupled with the polyvinyl alcohol through the nucleophilic reaction between the chloride of its triazine ring and the hydroxyl groups of PVA molecules under alkaline condition. The affinity adsorbent carried 21.1μmol Cibacron Blue 3GA per gram magnetic polymer microspheres was used to remove unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin from the solution which was composed of bilirubin or bilirubin and protein. After the adsorption, the adsorbent loaded with bilirubin was removed easily in the magnetic field.     

700 MW超超临界机组在线化学仪表的运行与维护

介绍电厂700 MW超超临界机组在线化学仪表使用现状及表计存在的问题,并提出了对应的运行和维护建议。     

Sex pheromone of tomato fruit borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis

Five candidate pheromone components were identified by analyzing pheromone gland extracts by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (EAD), and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS): (E)-11-hexadecenol(E11–16 : OH), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16 : OH),(E)-11-hexadecenal, (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-3,(Z)-6,(Z)-9-tricosatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy). In electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, synthetic E11–16 : OH elicited stronger antennal responses at low doses than other candidate pheromone components. Field tests demonstrated that synthetic E11–16 : OH as a trap bait was effective in attracting males, whereas addition of Z11–16 : OH inhibited the males' response. Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy strongly enhanced attractiveness of E11–16 : OH, but was not attractive by itself. A pheromone blend with synergistic behavioral activity of an alcohol (E11–16 : OH) and hydrocarbon (Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy) component is most unusual in the Lepidoptera. The synthetic two-component pheromone is approximately 60 times more attractive than the female-produced blend and might facilitate the control of this pest.     

环氧丙烷废气处理工艺

为使聚醚生产工艺产生的环氧丙烷(PO)废气排放达到环保标准,采用硫酸酸洗与活性炭纤维吸附工艺处理高浓度环氧丙烷废气。考察了酸洗工艺操作条件与活性炭纤维动态吸附对废气中PO去除效果的影响,并对两个工艺组合效果进行了评价。结果表明,在温度为25℃,PO废气进气量100 L/h,硫酸浓度(质量分数)为30%,酸量1.5 L,活性炭纤维装填量10 g时,酸洗与活性炭纤维吸附组合工艺对废气中的PO有很高的去除效果,初始浓度为800 g/Nm3的废气经处理后浓度降为4 mg/Nm3,达到了环保要求,说明组合工艺用于环氧丙烷废气处理的可行性。