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51.
In this study, we proposed to investigate how the effect of electron-donating methyl ( CH3) group at p-position of amin ( NH2) group in aminophenol (AP) compound affected thermal stability, optical, electrochemical properties, and conductivity measurement. For this reason, we choice 2-AP and 2-amino-4-methylphenol compounds and synthesized phenolic monomers by condensation reactions 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with aromatic amino phenols. Then, these monomers were converted to their polyphenol derivatives by oxidative polycondensation reactions in an aqueous alkaline medium. Structural characterizations were carried out by FTIR, NMR, and size exclusion chromatography. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the electrochemical oxidation-reduction characteristics. Optical properties were investigated by UV–vis and fluorescence analyses. Solid state electrical conductivities were measured on polymer films by four-point probe technique using an electrometer. Thermal data of monomer/polymer and polymers were obtained by TG-DTA and DSC techniques, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 相似文献
52.
Pınar Çalık Eda Bayraktar Bahar İnankur Elif Ş. Soyaslan Merve Şahin Hatice Taşpınar Eda Açık Remziye Yılmaz Tunçer H. Özdamar 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2010,85(12):1628-1635
BACKGROUND: Effect of pH on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Pichia pastoris hGH‐Mut+ was investigated at pH = 4.2, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0. RESULTS: The highest cell concentration was obtained at pH = 6.0 with 53 g L?1, while the highest rhGH concentration was attained at pH = 5.0 as 0.27 g L?1. Total protease secretion increased with increase in pH and with the cultivation time. Oxygen uptake rate increased with increasing pH up to pH = 6.0, having the maximum value, 37 mmol m?3 s?1, at pH = 5.5. KLa values were similar at all the conditions, having a maximum value of 0.14 s?1 at pH = 5.0. Taking the final rhGH concentration into account, the most favourable pH was 5.0; where AOX1 expression level showed a similar trend to AOX activity profiles, having the highest value of 9.4 × 1010 copy mg?1 CDW at t = 15 h; in parallel to AOX1 expression profile, hGH expression level increased until t = 15 h, with the highest value of 4.0 × 1010 copy mg?1 CDW, where a sharp increase in rhGH concentration was obtained. The expression levels of pep4, prb1 and prc1 genes, responsible from the production of proteinase A, proteinase B and, carboxypeptidase Y, were parallel to each other. CONCLUSION: Since it was shown that pH is a crucial operating parameter in fermentation processes using P. pastoris, keeping pH constant at its determined optimum value, pH = 5.0, during the bioprocess is vital in terms of recombinant protein production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
53.
İlknur Uçak Yesim Özogul Mustafa Durmuş 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2011,46(6):1157-1163
The effects of the use of antioxidant technology on the quality of mackerel burgers stored at 4 °C were investigated in terms of sensory, biochemical [thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA)] and microbiological analyses [total viable count (TVC)]. Fish meat was divided into three groups; the control (C) without rosemary extract, the second group with 0.4% rosemary extracts (Group A) and the third with 0.8% rosemary extracts (Group B). Results showed that the TVB‐N level did not exceed acceptability limit (30–35 mg 100 g?1) for all groups. TBA value for the control significantly increased from 1.47 to 4.80 MA kg?1 whereas it slightly increased in treatment groups as the storage time increased. Significantly higher PV and FFA (P < 0.05) were obtained from the control group. Rosemary extract, in combination with vacuum pack was effective in controlling the growth of bacteria and biochemical indices. 相似文献
54.
In this study, we investigated the effects of microencapsulation conditions on product quality of pomegranate peel phenolics. Our results indicate an optimum air inlet temperature of 160 °C and 1/1 (w/w) or 1/3 (w/w) for phenolics/maltodextrin ratio. No differences were observed amongst the maltodextrins used for coatings. There were also no statistically significant differences in phenolic content of microcapsules for the storage periods of 90 days at 4 °C (p > 0.05). We also evaluated the resultant microencapsulated phenolics for enrichment of the functional properties of regular ice cream used as model food in our studies. Addition of pomegranate peel phenolics at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) showed significant improvement of the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the enriched ice creams compared with control sample. Antioxidant activity as EC50 and α-glucosidase inhibitory as IC50 of 1.0% phenolic enriched ice creams were 133.3 and 22.9 μg/mL, respectively. More than 75% of the panellists accepted the phenolic enriched ice creams in sensory evaluation, which lends supports to such products for commercial introduction to the general public with the potential as functional foods. 相似文献
55.
İlknur Demiral Sevgi Sensöz 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2013,35(12):1159-1168
Fixed-bed pyrolysis biooils of hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.) bagasse have been identified for their structures. The condensed biooils were analyzed for their properties as fuels and compared with petroleum-derived products. The biooil was analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H-NMR spectra. The biooils were fractionated into pentane solubles and insolubles. Pentane solubles were then solvent fractionated into pentane, toluene and methanol subfractions by fractionated column chromatograpy. The aliphatic subfractions of the biooils were then analyzed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography (GC). In addition, the physical properties, higher heating value and elemental analysis of the biooil were determined. The empirical formula of biooil that has a heating value of 34.57 MJ/kg was established as CH1.45O0.33N0.127. Chromatographic and spectroscopic studies on the biooil showed that the oil obtained from hazelnut bagasse could be used as a renewable fuel and chemical feedstock. 相似文献
56.
Fuel properties of rapeseed oil and soybean oil methyl esters (e.g. density, cetane number and viscosity etc.) are similar to those of the diesel fuel. These methyl esters can be used as diesel engine fuel by mixing withy diesel fuel. In this study a comparison of diesel fuel, the rapeseed oil methyl ester and the soybean oil methyl ester was made from the engine performance and emissions point of view. The tests were carried out with a four-cylinder diesel engine for tree different injection pressures such as 250, 300 and 350 bar with each of these fuels. For the purpose of comparison, tests were also conducted at full load conditions with diesel fuel. As the result, the performance and emission values of rapeseed oil (R) and soybean oil (S) methyl esters were found to be nearly the same with those of diesel fuels (D) when injection pressure was increased to 300 bar. 相似文献
57.
Ayhan DENİRBAŞ Fikret AKDENİZ Yunus ERDOGAN Vecihi PAMUK 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2013,31(3):405-415
Abstract In this article, the potential utilization of hazel nut shell as a combustible residue was studied. To obtain liquid and gaseous products, the hazel nut shell was subjected to pyrolysis and it was converted to 49.3 % (w) gaseous and 20.0 % (w) liquid products at 475 °C for 7.5 minutes in a simple pyrolysis device The kinetic model used in the present study was based on fractional weight loss for each pyrolysis step. The simple fast pyrolysis was compared with TGA technique. 相似文献
58.
The Single Flying Capacitor Converter (SFCC) and Dual Flying Capacitor Converter (DFCC) are two-quadrant power supplies for energy storage and transfer systems. They have applications in nuclear research and pulsed power systems in which superconductive coils are used. In this paper analytical expressions for the time-averaged behaviours of SFCC and DFCC are derived by using averaging technique. Because large superconductive magnet coils are used, time constants of the switched circuits are large enough compared to the switching period. Therefore, an averaged PWM switch equivalent circuit is substituted into the original converter circuits to find the averaged system equations. With this new insight in the averaged dynamics, their design and control can be optimized. Although DFCC has less coil current ripple compared to SFCC, the analysis will show that the averaged behaviours of both converters are the same. 相似文献
59.
Laminated composites with ceramic front layers and metallic or composite backing layers have gained attractiveness as lightweight
armours, as they exhibit the same ballistic performance with lower areal densities as compared to steels. Drop-weight testing
(DWT) has potential for evaluating the low velocity impact behaviour of materials. This testing gives significant ideas and
information about failure mechanisms and behaviour of materials under low velocity impact. In this study, DWT of alumina/aluminum
laminated composites was done in order to investigate the effects of lamination type, density with respect to area and mechanical
property of backing material on the low velocity ballistic performance of these composites. The experimental results showed
that the laminated composite with ceramic front layer and aged-aluminum alloy as backing layer was the most effective among
different investigated specimens against low velocity impact loads. 相似文献
60.
The usage of ultrasound has gained popularity in the recent years. Ultrasonic processing means blasting liquids, usually water,
with very intense sound at high frequency, producing very well mixed powerful chemical and physical reactions. This paper
deals with the investigation of the effect of ultrasonic energy on the conversion fraction of sulfur in the production reaction
of sodium thiosulfate which was obtained from sulfur and Na2SO3 solution. Concentration of Na2SO3 solution parameter was chosen as the constant parameter. The experiments were performed with various amplitudes of ultrasound
power and in the absence and presence of ultrasound energy in various temperatures with various particle sizes. The results
indicate that the conversion fraction values increase in the presence of ultrasound energy and increase at high amplitude
values. 相似文献