Laser particles with omnidirectional emission for cell tracking

The ability to track individual cells in space over time is crucial to analyzing heterogeneous cell populations.Recently,microlaser particles have emerged as unique optical probes for massively multiplexed single-cell tagging.However,the microlaser far-field emission is inherently direction-dependent,which causes strong intensity fluctuations when the orientation of the particle varies randomly inside cells.Here,we demonstrate a general solution based on the incorporation of nanoscale light scatterers into microlasers.Two schemes are developed by introducing either boundary defects or a scattering layer into microdisk lasers.The resulting laser output is omnidirectional,with the minimum-to-maximum ratio of the angle-dependent intensity improving from 0.007(-24 dB)to>0.23(-6dB).After transfer into live cells in vitro,the omnidirectional laser particles within moving cells could be tracked continuously with high signal-to-noise ratios for 2 h,while conventional microlasers exhibited frequent signal loss causing tracking failure.     

Use of electron microscopy on microstructure characterization of high chromium cast irons

The physical metallurgy underlying the development of cast microstructures in abrasion resistant high chromium cast irons, and their structural modification by thermal treatments is relatively complex. Structural characterisation via electron microscopy therefore has a key role to play in furthering our understanding of the phase transformations that control the microstructures and hence the service performances of these irons as wear parts. This paper shows how both scanning and especially transmission electron microscopy can provide valuable information on the nature of eutectic and secondary carbides and on the matrix structures in these irons. Particular attention is given to current characterisation research on conventionally cast 30%Cr irons that are used for applications involving corrosive wear e.g. slurry pumps and on a semi-solid cast 27%Cr iron that has a potential for applications in industry.     

金刚石化学机械抛光垫修整器的发展方向与前景（上）

半导体芯片的生产主要依靠化学机械抛光(CMP)工序使硅片表面平坦化，使复杂的集成电路能非常有效地工作。做为电路设计不可避免地趋向于采用高度集成和多层结构。故化学机械抛光技术必须紧跟其需要与发展。化学机械抛光垫性能的关键是采用金刚石化学机械抛光垫修整器工作时，抛光垫工作寿命期间，必须保持恒定的抛光效果。     

盐浴淬火的新发展

近年来，盐浴淬火有许多新的发展。现选择三个重要领域进行详细讨论。其中的一个领域是定量数据新近的发展对盐浴淬火的可变数如零件重量、搅拌、加水量和盐的成分等的影响。这些因素与钢号或铸铁淬透性相关。第二个领域是包括化学热处理盐浴调整和再循环以复原。处置问题比通常想象的少。第三个和最有发展前途的领域是等温淬火的球墨铸铁（ADI）。这种材料的成分控制和合适的热处理已取得很大的进步。等温淬火的球墨铸铁的性能等同于或高于锻钢，而成本有重大的节约。为了生产等温淬火球墨铸铁，盐浴淬火是永恒不变的．分级淬火和等温淬…     

测量技术在欧洲的发展

目前,对于棒材和坯料尺寸还没有普遍实行测定。但在不久将来,随着生产的提高,快速轧机的建立,以及轧制工艺自动化的实现,测定它们的尺寸,对于达到理想的轧机性能,将必不可少。为此,采用自动仪表进行测定,非常必要。本文对这些测定方法及仪表进行了综合性的概要说明。在谈到接触式或非接触式测定方法时,重点放在非接触式方法上,因为后者特别适合于上述特殊场合。现在各种物理测量原理,如X和γ射线的吸收、影象技术、微波、涡流、以及光学方法(从影象强度比较到各种扫描系统),都成功地得到了应用。本文还讨论了各种几何图形的     

锻钢的热成形性

<正> 锻件在均匀性、不能有孔隙和机械性能方面要满足严格的技术要求。因此,热成形的目的,不仅是锻出预期形状的毛坯,而且要把铸态组织尽可能压实,以消除任何孔隙。但是,如果得到足够成形性的条件已知,这个压实的任务就可以只由热成形来完成。已经有150种以上适合于制造锻件的商业用钢和实验用钢做过热拉伸试验,试验的目的是确定各种影响热     

NANO-MULTILAYERS WITH HIGH PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING

(FePt/Ag)n nano-multilayers were deposited on MgO (100) single crystal with laser ablation and then subjected to annealing. FePt L1o grains with (001) texture and thus a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of the order of 106 J/m3 were formed. A thick Ag layer is found to be favorable for decreasing the dispersion of the easy axis for magnetization. The measurement of time decay of magnetization gave rise to a small activation volume of the order of 10-25m3, showing the promising of being the recording medium for future high density perpendicular recording.     

硫酸装置布朗扩散型纤维除雾器的现场测试

开发了一种用于布朗扩散型纤维除雾器的便携式现场测试装置，用这套装置可在现场测定纤维床阻力，从而对元件制造水平进行评价和比较，或在维修期间预测清洗后元件的操作性能。介绍便携式现场测试装置的设备布局、安装和运行，并对整体充填、平行缠绕、斜交叉缠绕纤维床及同心组合纤维床进行比较。此外，论述了硫酸装置工艺气体压降的价值。