稀土钼合金力学和热发射性能的研究

稀土氧化物 (La2 O3 、Y2 O3 )在强化钼的同时 ,对钼具有显著的韧化作用 ,即具有综合强韧化作用。稀土钼材作为高温结构材料正逐步取代Al Si K掺杂钼 (ASK)和TZM钼合金 ;通过成分设计和加工工艺优化 ,稀土钼还是一种工作温度低、无放射性污染的新型阴极材料 ,由稀土钼作为阴极的电子管 ,发射性能与寿命均达到或超过同类型W ThO2 阴极电子管 ,达到实用化水平。因此 ,稀土钼作为一种集结构与功能于一身的新型材料 ,有广泛的应用前景     

Mo-La2O3阴极碳化机理

研究了碳化温度、碳化时间、碳化时苯的压强对Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化度大小和碳化层组织的影响。结果表明 :在 172 3K ,苯的压强为 1.5× 10 -2 Pa,碳化 6min后Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化度达到 19.7%,碳化层为疏松多孔的Mo2 C组织 ,有利于阴极热电子发射。应用扫描电镜 (SEM)、X射线衍射仪 (XRD)等手段对Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化层的显微组织和微观结构、物相等进行了观察与分析。并从热力学与动力学两方面对Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化机理进行了探讨。     

放电等离子烧结技术制备HA/Ti生物活性复合材料的研究

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了HA／Ti生物复合材料。研究了烧结温度对烧结成分和微观结构的影响。结果表明，SPS可以大大降低烧结温度。HA／Ti(质量分数比为70％／30％)复合材料在900℃可实现良好的烧结，HA不分解，保持了HA的结构和含量。并实现了Ti合金与Ti粉的良好烧结结合。     

放电等离子烧结制备亚微米LaB6块体材料

采用氢直流电弧等离子体法,以稀土镧块为原料,制备出了平均粒度为20 nm的La纳米粉末.以L丑纳米粉和B纳米粉为原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备出了LaB6亚微米晶块体材料.通过系统研究各烧结参数对材料结构和性能的影响,得到了最佳的烧结工艺.获得了相对密度高达99.3%的致密烧结体,其维氏硬度达到14.1 GPa.采用XRD,SEM和TEM对材料的相组成和微观组织进行了测试分析.结果表明.SPS烧结LaB6块体的晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸为150nm,整体结构均匀致密.实验表明,SPS技术可以实现LaB6细晶块体材料的快速烧结.     

(Ca0.96D0.04)MnO3(D=Ca, Sr, Rb, Sm)氧化物的制备和热电性能研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备出(Ca_0.96D_0.04)MnO₃(D=Ca, Sr, Rb, Sm)氧化物粉末后,先分别采用氩气气氛的放电等离子烧结和空气气氛的常压烧结制备出CaMnO₃(CMO)块体,并对其相组成进行分析,选择出更为优异的CaMnO₃块体制备方法。再进一步制备出(Ca_0.96D_0.04)MnO₃(D=Sr, Rb, Sm)氧化物块体,最后对(Ca_0.96D_0.04)MnO₃(D=Ca, Sr, Rb, Sm)块体的物相组成、显微组织和热电性能进行测试分析。实验结果表明：氩气气氛放电等离子烧结制备的CaMnO₃块体发生物相分解,原因是放电等离子烧结的烧结环境贫氧;空气气氛的常压烧结可以得到物相较纯净的(Ca_0.96D_0.04)MnO₃(D=Ca, Sr, Rb, Sm)块体;在整个测试温度范围内,(Ca_0.96D_0.04)MnO₃(D= Sr, Rb, Sm)的ZT值在873K时达到最大,分别为0.11、0.08和0.07,相比于未掺杂试样提高了约1.3~2.2倍。     

Mn_(1.2)Fe_(0.8)P_(0.74)Ge_(0.26-x)Se_x化合物磁热性能研究

利用机械合金化(MA)结合放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,成功制备了Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.74Ge0.26-xSex(x=0,0.005,0.01,0.015,0.02,0.03)化合物,并采用XRD,DSC,振动样品磁强计(VSM)和磁热效应直接测量仪等手段对其晶体结构、相变过程以及磁热性能进行了研究.结果表明:该系化合物均具有六方Fe2P结构.随着Se含量的增加,晶格常数a和c都发生了明显的变化,c/a先减小,然后保持不变,最后又增大;且c/a的值与化合物的Curie温度Tc成一定对应关系,c/a减小会升高Tc,反之则降低Tc.外加磁场和温度的变化都能引起化合物产生一级磁热相变,即顺磁相(PM)?铁磁相(FM).少量Se对Ge的置换(x≤0.015)能够提高材料的磁热性能,使该系化合物的Tc升高,转变温区?Tcoex变窄,绝热温变?Tad增大;而热滞?Thys和熵变?SDSC基本不变.当x=0.01时,化合物的磁热性能最好,与x=0化合物相比,Tc升高了5.6 K,?Tcoex降低了10.6%,?Tad增加了10%,当Se含量继续增加时,化合物的磁热性能有所下降.     

Mn2-xFexP1-yGey（x=0.8、0.9,y=0.2、0.24、0.26）磁制冷材料的制备工艺及磁热性能研究

利用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结技术制备了Mn2-x Fex P1-y Gey(x=0.8、0.9,y=0.2、0.24、0.26)磁制冷材料。采用XRD、中子衍射及SEM分析手段,系统研究了该系列材料的成相与球磨时间、烧结温度、烧结压力和保温时间的关系。分析了烧结样品的相结构和显微组织,发现随着烧结温度的升高杂质相逐渐减少,形成了稳定的该系列磁制冷材料的制备工艺。对不同组分Mn2-x Fex P1-y Gey合金的相变过程和磁热性能进行了分析,其中Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.74Ge0.26的居里温度为277.4K接近于室温区间,滞后为3K、熵变为21.5J/(kg·K),是一种较理想的磁制冷工质材料。     

Mo-La2O3板材室温拉伸变形与断裂研究

采用粉末冶金和压力加工方法制备了不同La2O3含量Mo-La2O3板材。Mo-La2O3板材和纯铝(PMo)板材经高温热处理后在室温下进行静态拉伸试验。结果表明,La2O3的添加不仅提高了铝板的强度,而且对铝板的延性具有显著的改善作用,Mo-La2O3板材的纵向塑性在20％以上,最高达到46％。采用SEM和TEM的观察结果对铝板的拉伸行为进行了解释。     

Structure and magnetic properties of bulk nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets prepared by hot pressing and hot deformation

Structure and magnetic properties were studied for bulk nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets that were prepared at 650 °C for 3 min under 300 MPa using the SPS-3.20-MK-V sintering machine and the hot pressed magnets were then submitted to hot deformation with height reduction of 50%,60%,70%,80%,and 85%.Effects of height reduction(HR) and deformation temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of the magnets were investigated.The crystal structure was evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and the microstructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The magnetic properties of the magnets were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).As the height reduction increased,the remanence(B r) of the magnets increased first,peaks at 1.3 T with HR=60%,then decreased again,and the coercivity(H ci) of the magnets decreased monotonically.On the other hand,as the deformation temperature increased,the B r of the magnets increased first,peaks at 1.36 T with HR=60%,then decreased again,and the H ci of the magnets decreased monotonically.Under optimal conditions,the hot deformed magnet possessed excellent magnetic properties as B r =1.36 T,H ci =1143 kA/m,and(BH) max =370 kJ/m 3,suggesting the good potential of the magnets in practical applications.     

Effects of praseodymium doping on thermoelectric transport properties of CaMnO3 compound system

The rare earth Pr doped Ca1-x Prx MnO3(x=0,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,and 0.14) compound bulk samples were prepared to study the effect of Pr doping on thermoelectric transport properties of CaMnO3 compound system.The doped samples exhibited single phase composition within the experimental doping range,with condensed bulk microstructure and small porosities.The electrical resistivity was remarkably reduced for doped samples,on account of the enhanced carrier concentration;the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient was deteriorated mainly due to enhanced electron carrier concentration.The electrical performances of the doped samples reflected by resistivity and Seebeck coefficient fluctuations were optimistically tuned,with an optimized power factor value of 0.342 mW/(m·K2) at 873 K for x=0.08 sample,which was very much higher comparing with that of the un-doped sample.The lattice thermal conduction was really confined,leading to distinctly repressed total thermal conductivity.The thermoelectric performance was noticeably improved by Pr doping and the dimensionless figure of merit ZT for the Ca0.92 Pr0.08 MnO3 compound was favorably optimized with the maximum value 0.16 at 873 K.