离子注钇对镍表面氧化膜微观结构与性能的影响

对纯镍及其表面离子注钇样品在1000℃空气中的恒温氧化和循环氧化行为进行了研究。用扫描电镜和透射电镜对表面氧化膜的微观形貌进行了观测。用声发射方法对氧化膜在氧化和空冷阶段的开裂信号进行了实时监测。用激光拉曼谱对含钇和不含钇氧化膜的内应力水平进行了测量。结果表明,离子注钇显著提高了镍的抗氧化性能,其原因是钇降低了NiO氧化膜的生长速率、细化了氧化物晶粒,使氧化膜具有更好的高温塑性及释放膜内应力的能力。此外,离子注钇还减少了氧化膜/基体界面缺陷的数量及大小,因而显著改善了氧化膜在镍基体上的黏附性和保护性。     

不对称电压跌落下考虑场景区分的逆变型分布式电源控制策略研究

逆变型分布式电源(Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generation, IIDG)在电网电压跌落时可能存在电流越限、切机等风险,进而影响其自身和系统的安全稳定运行。对此,提出一种考虑不同运行场景的IIDG控制策略。首先,以相电压幅值为约束条件,构建了基于正序分量的电压支撑方程,实现了正序电压的最大化支撑。其次,为保证逆变器在安全的前提下充分利用自身容量,提出一种考虑电压跌落程度和IIDG有功出力大小的场景区分方法。然后,根据不同场景下的电流注入模式和控制目标推导参考电流,使IIDG兼具电压支撑、电流限幅能力。同时,通过输出有功功率和负序无功功率,提升了系统稳定性,降低了电压不平衡度。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink搭建了含IIDG的仿真模型,算例结果验证了所提策略的有效性。     

负载型离子液体催化剂在催化反应中的应用

负载型离子液体催化剂具有高催化活性、易于分离和环境友好型等特点。综述不同种类负载型离子液体催化剂在不同催化反应中的应用,并展望负载型离子液体催化剂在催化领域的发展方向。     

Membrane combination technic on treatment and reuse of high ammonia and salts wastewater in rare earth manufacture process

With the rapid development of rare earth industry in China,high NH3-N and high salts wastewater generated in rare earth manufacture process had caused serious environment pollution especially for surrounding water body.Traditional treatment processes were either incapable of reducing pollutants concentration to the levels regulated by law or prohibitively expensive and difficult to operate.In this paper,a hybrid process which integrated air stripping pretreatment and low pressure reverse osmosis(LPRO) was proposed to treat this wastewater containing high ammonia and salt.Mechanism of treatment and remediation of ammonia and salt polluted water body was investigated.Influences of temperature,pH,and air stripping time on removal ratio of ammonia efficiencies were also discussed.Relationship among trans-membrane pressure drop(ΔP),additions ratio,stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were studied.The results showed that removal ratio of ammonia after LPRO desalination process could reach up to 98%,fluoride amounted to more than 99% and desalt efficiencies reached up to 95%,and stripped gas ammonia could be effectively recovered.Water quality had been improved significantly to meet reuse or discharge standards.     

高铁CaO-FeOx-SiO2体系的氧化机理

测定了在不同氧化温度、时间和氧化介质条件下高铁CaO-FeOx-SiO2体系冶金渣中铁价态的变化,分析了氧化过程中渣中物相的变化,测量了磁铁矿的富集度和晶粒尺寸,基于“选择性析出”理论研究了体系的氧化动力学、磁铁矿相的富集和晶体生长机理．结果表明,高铁CaO-FeOx-SiO2体系的氧化为一级反应;纯氧反应表观活化能为296．675kJ／mol,空气氧化为340．300kJ／mol;在熔渣的等温氧化过程中,ω（Fe^3＋）迅速增加并以Fe3O4形式首先析出;充分氧化可以实现铁组分向磁铁矿相的转移和富集,磁铁矿相的富集度从22％提高到85％以上．适当控制氧化后的冷却速率可以促进磁铁矿晶粒的生长,平均粒度可达到82～95μm．     

IBM PC微机控制恒电位仪测量极化曲线

以ＩＢＭＰＣ机通过ＡＤ／ＤＡ卡与ＨＤＶ７－Ｃ恒电位仪联机。实现极化曲线的测量、显示、输出和存储,使用本系统对１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９不锈钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的阳极化曲线进行了测量,测量结果表明,本系统与传统试系统有很好的一致性,且具有良好的重要性。     

一种新型结构的沉陷基准点——双弦基准点

本文介绍一种新型结构的沉陷观测基准点。它是利用两种不同膨胀系数的金属丝:不锈因瓦丝、不锈钢丝做为标志,埋在深处基岩上,以代替常用的双管(钢、铝管)基准点。这种结构的基准点已于1981年安装在太平哨水电站,经过多年的观测认为:结构简单、施工方便,精度较高,是沉陷观测较为理想的基准点。同时也对双管基准点的稳定性进行了分析。     

纳米CeO2搀杂对Ni-P化学镀层微观结构与耐蚀性能的影响

Ni-P and its nano-CeO₂ doped coating were electrolessly prepared in acidic condition,and their microstructure and anti-corrosion property were studied and compared.Scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）,transmission electronic microscopy（TEM）,X-ray diffraction spectrometer（XRD）and differential scanning calorimeter（DSC）were used to examine surface morphology and microstructure of coatings.The results showed that Ni-P coating had partial amorphous structure mixed with nano-crystals,while the Ni-P/CeO₂ coating had perfect amorphous structure.Upon heating,Ni₃P precipitation and Ni crystallization took place in both coatings but at different temperatures of phase change.In addition,the Ni-P/CeO₂ coating had sintered phase of NiCe₂O₄ spinels.The anti-corrosion property and passivity were improved in the CeO₂-doped coating because it was less liable to undergo localized corrosion and had a slower corroding rate than its CeO₂-free counterpart.During the co-deposition process,some Ceⁿ⁺（n=3,4）ions might be adsorbed to the metal/solution electrical double layer and hinder nickel deposition.Ni-P/CeO₂ coating’s perfect amorphous structure was probably due to the hindered crystal-typed deposition of nickel and the promoted deposition of phosphorous.