浅谈土地测绘手段中的技术进步

随着测绘手段的发展,土地测量方法在不断的更新,使得土地测量效率提高,数据越来越精确。     

Study on the influence of three-grid assembly thermal deformation on breakdown times and an ion extraction process

In order to study the influence of three-grid assembly thermal deformation caused by heat accumulation on breakdown times and an ion extraction process,a hot gap test and a breakdown time test are carried out to obtain thermal deformation of the grids when the thruster is in 5 k W operation mode.Meanwhile,the fluid simulation method and particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision(PICMCC) method are adopted to simulate the ion extraction process according to the previous test results.The numerical calculation results are verified by the ion thruster performance test.The results show that after about 1.2 h operation,the hot gap between the screen grid and the accelerator grid reduce to 0.25–0.3 mm,while the hot gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increase from 1 mm to about 1.4 mm when the grids reach thermal equilibrium,and the hot gap is almost unchanged.In addition,the breakdown times experiment shows that 0.26 mm is the minimal safe hot gap for the grid assembly as the breakdown times improves significantly when the gap is smaller than this value.Fluid simulation results show that the plasma density of the screen grid is in the range 6?×10~(17)–6?×?10~(18) m~(13) and displays a parabolic characteristic,while the electron temperature gradually increases along the axial direction.The PIC-MCC results show that the current falling of an ion beam through a single aperture is significant.Meanwhile,the intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid both increase with the change in the hot gap.The ion beam current has optimal perveance status without thermal deformation,and the intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid are 3.65 m A and 6.26 m A,respectively.Furthermore,under the effect of thermal deformation,the ion beam current has over-perveance status,and the intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid are 10.46 m A and 18.24 m A,respectively.Performance test results indicate that the breakdown times increase obviously.The intercepted current of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases to 13 m A and 16.5 m A,respectively,due to the change in the hot gap after 1.5 h operation.The numerical calculation results are well consistent with performance test results,and the error comes mainly from the test uncertainty of the hot gap.     

分压电流对7.62 cm光电倍增管性能的影响

7.62 cm(3英寸)光电倍增管(Photomultiplier Tube,PMT)是江门中微子实验(Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory,JUNO)巨型探测器的重要组成部分,以此构成的一套独立探测系统,承担着独立物理测量、与50.8 cm(20英寸)PMT探测系统相互检验等重要任务。为提高探测系统的可靠性,使每个7.62 cm PMT供电高压的单通道电流不超过10?A,研究了不同高压电流对7.62 cm PMT探测性能的影响。采用三种高压电流的分压器,对海南展创生产的型号为XP72B20(样管编号为70069)的7.62 cm PMT的性能进行实验测试,包括增益、能量分辨率、峰谷比和阳极输出信号的非线性。结果表明:不同分压电流对7.62 cm PMT性能的影响较小。这个结果为该7.62 cm PMT在JUNO探测器中使用小分压电流的方案提供了重要的实验依据。     

旋转导向钻井技术研究新进展

井下旋转导向钻井工具是旋转导向钻井系统的核心部件,从应用情况来看,指向式旋转导向钻井工具是发展的趋势。为解决在钻大位移井、水平分支井等复杂结构井时出现的种种难题以及国内指向式旋转导向钻井技术的"瓶颈"问题,将理论与实践相结合,对旋转导向钻井技术的国内外研究现状做了分析;介绍了目前国内外运用比较广泛且典型的推靠式MRST和指向式Geo-Pilot井下闭环旋转导向钻井工具。在大量调研和文献分析的基础上,提出了研制与Geo-Pilot有所不同的新型指向式旋转导向钻井工具的思路,并着重论述了其结构与导向原理,总结出该指向式旋转导向钻井工具的特性与优点,提出了下一步的研究重点、难点与方向。     

浅层水平井超低温压裂液体系研究与应用

在大庆外围埋藏浅、储层温度低的朝98区块葡萄花储层水平井的压裂改造中,如何实现压裂液在30℃储层中压后破胶并快速返排,是确保施工成功和提高压后效果的关键。室内研制了由0.6%稠化剂SG、1%岩石稳定剂CYDF、0.3%高效助排剂JX-YL、0.2%三元破胶剂、3%硼砂交联剂组成的超低温压裂液体系。在30℃、170s-1下,压裂液冻胶剪切5 min后的黏度基本稳定,约为140 mPa.s,抗剪切性较好。该压裂液破胶快速、彻底,30℃破胶4 h后的黏度为3.5 mPa.s。JX-YL减小了压裂液的滤失,降低了储层伤害。加入JX-YL后,压裂液滤失量比未加JX-YL的减少17.2%。压裂液具有配制方便、破胶性能良好的特点。在8口超浅层水平井开展现场压裂试验,应用效果良好,满足低温井(浅井)油层水平井压裂改造的需要。图3表4参8     

总量红线约束下江西省“以水定地”方案初探

梳理江西省农业发展及用水现状,预测规划年各地级市农业用水需求,根据“四水四定”原则提出总量控制红线约束下江西省规划年农业发展规模初步方案,即2025 年和2030 年农业需水量分别为166.9～172.84 亿m3、159.32～167.2亿m3;2025 年以水而定的农田有效灌溉面积规模为219.15～227.20 万hm2,林牧渔面积为17.31 万hm2,畜禽养殖规模为1 996.38 万头;2030 年以水而定的农田有效灌溉面积规模为226.66～238.17 万hm2,林牧渔面积为17.49 万hm2,畜禽养殖规模分别为2 016.32 万头;总量控制红线约束下,江西省2025 年、2030 年农业用水最大的缺水量分别为2.7 亿m3、4.97亿m3,以水而定的农田有效灌溉面积达不到社会经济发展的要求;用水总量控制红线一定程度上制约了江西省农业经济的快速发展,为此提出水资源约束下未来农业发展相关措施和建议。     

分层开采底板岩体渗透性变化的试验研究

华北煤田石炭二叠纪煤系地层底部存在着含水丰富的奥陶纪石灰岩。开采实践表明,一旦煤层与奥灰之间的隔水层内存在地质构造或煤层开采引志底板岩体破坏,可能会在煤层和含水层之间形成导水带,从而诱发突水,介绍了分层开采引起对底板岩石渗透性影响的试验成果,并进行了详尽的分析,获得了分层开采对煤层底板岩体渗透性的影响规律。     

GB/T 8939-2018《卫生巾(护垫)》

正国家纸张质量监督检验中心牵头制定的GB/T 8939-2018《卫生巾(护垫)》国家标准是对2008年发布的GB/T 8939-2008《卫生巾(含卫生护垫)》的修订,新增了可迁移性荧光物质、甲醛含量等安全指标,并对部分使用指标进行修改和完善,对测试方法重新进行研究,建立了能更客观反映卫生巾(护垫)性能指标的方法及规定值。