Ni-P-多壁碳纳米管复合镀层的制备及摩擦磨损性能(英文)

采用湿式球磨对多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)预处理,通过化学镀制备Ni-P-MWNTs复合镀层;对45钢、传统Ni-P镀层和Ni-P-MWNTs复合镀层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能进行考察和比较。结果表明,球磨后MWNTs长径比降低,长度均匀,且多数端部处于敞开状态。与45钢和Ni-P镀层相比,Ni-P-MWNTs复合镀层的减摩耐磨能力显著强化。当复合镀层中MWNTs的质量分数为0.74%~1.97%时,其摩擦因数和磨损率随MWNTs含量的增加而减少;对于MWNTs质量分数为1.97%的复合镀层,其摩擦因数和磨损率仅为0.08和6.22×10?15m3/(N·m)。复合镀层优良的摩擦磨损性能归因于MWNTs优异的力学性能和自润滑特性。     

准一维铁镍合金材料的制备研究进展及应用展望

综述准一维铁镍合金材料(纳米棒、纳米线、纳米管、纳米纤维、纳米须)的各种制备方法和应用现状,主要介绍模板法、磁场引导羰基热分解法、还原法、微波等离子体法、溶胶-凝胶-热分解还原法、配位共沉淀-热分解法等,比较了各种制备方法的优缺点,介绍了其在相关领域的应用现状,最后展望其制备和应用的发展趋势。     

铁钴镍三元合金的制备研究进展

系统综述近年来铁钴镍三元合金在制备方法方面的研究进展,主要介绍机械合金化法、直流电弧等离子体法、电沉积法、模板法、还原法、溶胶凝胶-静电纺丝法、微乳液法、化学分解法和共沉淀-热分解法等,比较了各种制备方法的优缺点,并展望其未来研究的发展方向。     

从氯化铋溶液中萃取铋并制备氧化铋

以含有铜离子、铁离子和锰离子的氯化铋溶液为萃原液,磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,通过萃取—反萃取沉淀—热分解工艺直接制备超细氧化铋粉末,考察了萃取时间、萃取温度、有机相体积分数、溶液中氯离子质量浓度和相比对溶液中铋、铁萃取率的影响。试验结果表明:在铋离子初始质量浓度19g/L、氯离子质量浓度46.0g/L、铁离子质量浓度1.5g/L、TBP体积分数60%、萃取温度30℃、有机相与水相体积比(相比)1∶1条件下,经4级逆流萃取,铋萃取率达98.5%,铁萃取率为49.4%;经过稀盐酸洗涤后,有机相中铁洗脱率为99.7%;用草酸作反萃取剂反萃取铋,铋的一级反萃取率即达99.3%,反萃取产物为草酸铋;草酸铋热分解得到纯度为99.8%的α-Bi2O3。     

Preparation and characterization of fibrous NiO particles by thermal decomposition of nickelous complex precursors

The influences of pyrolytic conditions, including temperature, time, the flow rate of air, and the heating rate, on the morphology, average size and specific surface area of the NiO particles were investigated, and the composition and morphologies of the products were characterized by using of XRD, SEM and BET. It is found that fibrous NiO particles were produced under the optimal conditions. A suitable range of pH for preparing dispersive precursors was chosen according to analysis of zeta potential. Based on the observations of NiO precursors growth and SEM morphology of the precursor, the oriented attachment was proposed for the well-aligned growth of the NiO precursor fibres. The final product NiO inherits the morphology of the precursor.     

草酸镍钴固溶体的制备与鉴别

以可溶性氯化镍、氯化钴和草酸或草酸铵为原料,氨水为pH值调节剂,采用液相共沉淀法合成草酸镍钴共沉淀产物,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和扫描电镜(SEM)对共沉淀产物进行表征,并将结果与机械混合物进行比较.结果表明:在共沉淀过程中,当溶液pH≤5.0时,钴离子易进入草酸镍晶格中形成置换固溶体,得到的共沉淀产物为草酸镍钴单相固溶体,其热分解行为明显不同于具有相同配比的机械混合物；当pH＞5.0时,镍离子和钴离子与草酸根离子的共沉淀过程为分步沉淀,得到的共沉淀产物为组分分布均匀的复杂混合物,而非单相固溶体.     

纤维状超细银粉前驱体制备热力学分析

根据同时平衡原理和质量平衡原理,从理论上推导出了Ag(Ⅰ)-C2O42--NH3-NH4+-H2体系中金属银离子和草酸盐在水溶液中热力学平衡的数学模型,计算并绘制出该体系的lg[Ag]T-pH图。在此基础上,分析液相沉淀过程中溶液的lg[Ag]T与pH之间的关系并推断出制备纤维状银粉前驱体粉末的理想pH值为5.0~6.0之间,为液相沉淀过程的实验操作提供了理论依据。最后通过验证实验证明了热力学计算结果的准确性。     

夹层中空结构铁酸镍粉末的制备及其吸波性能

NiFe2O4 powders with double skin structure which shows a length of 5 ?m and curved surface thickness of 0.5 ?m were prepared by thermal decomposition of their oxalate precursors. The NiFe2O4 powders were mixed uniformly with a proportion of paraffin and then pressed to composite samples. The 采用草酸盐沉淀法制备草酸铁镍前驱体,热分解得到长5 ?m、曲面厚0.5 ?m的夹层中空结构NiFe2O4粉末,将其与石蜡按一定比例混合均匀压制得NiFe2O4/石蜡复合物,考察了其电磁参数,计算了其吸波性能. 结果表明,NiFe2O4含量为40%(?)时复合物吸波性能最佳,样品厚度为3.5 mm时,材料在6.66 GHz处反射损失最小,为?52.06 dB,厚度为3.0 mm时,材料在6.98?8.59及9.72?10.84 GHz范围内反射损耗小于?10 dB,有效吸收频宽为2.73 GHz.     

形貌控制合成纤维状氧化亚镍粉末新型前驱体

以可溶性镍盐和草酸或草酸铵为原料, 利用氨为配位剂, 通过配位沉淀法制备了纤维状氧化亚镍粉新型前驱体, 并采用XRD、红外光谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM) 研究了前驱体粉末的物相、成分与形貌, 系统考察配位沉淀条件包括溶液pH值、反应温度、反应物浓度和表面活性剂对前驱体粉末形貌、粒度和成分的影响。结果表明: Ni(Ⅱ)-C₂O4^2--NH₃-NH₄⁺-H₂O反应体系中, 在溶液pH值为8.2～8.8, 温度为60～70 ℃, Ni²⁺浓度为0.5～0.8 mol/L, 表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)用量为0.1%～0.5%条件下得到的新型前驱体为草酸镍氨复盐, 其形貌为纤维状; 氨与镍离子配合并生成草酸镍氨复盐是纤维状形貌形成的内在机制。通过在空气中热分解该种前驱体即可得到比表面积为5.944 m²/g、轴径比大于50的纤维状氧化亚镍粉末。     

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation on preparation of copper oxalate precursor powder

According to the principles of simultaneous equilibrium and mass balance, a series of thermodynamic equilibrium equations of Cu^2＋-C2O4^2--NH3-NH4^＋＋-H2O system at ambient temperature were deduced theoretically and the logarithm concentration versus pH value （lg[Cu^2＋]T--pH） diagrams at different solution compositions were drawn. The results show that when pH is below 5.0, copper ion reacts with C2O4^2- directly and the morphology of copper precursor powder is of pie-shape, when pH is above 5.0, copper ion coordinates with ammonia, and the precipitation proceeds slowly accompanying with the release of copper ions fi＇om the multi-coordinated Cu（NH3）n^2＋（n =1, 2,…, 5） and the morphologies of copper precursor powder are respectively of rod aggregation shape （when 5.0〈pH〈8.0） and of rod-shape （when pH〉8.0）. Some experiments were performed to confirm the relation between the total concentration of copper ion and pH value. It is shown that the thermodynamic mathematical model is correct and the calculated values are basically accurate.