表面活性剂与硅烷对铝管表面的协同改性研究

在60℃时通过浸渍法制备表面活性剂(SAA)与硅烷复合膜.通过电化学手段和盐雾实验分别研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十二烷基磺酸钠两种SAA与硅烷缓蚀溶液处理铝管表面所形成的复合膜的耐蚀性.线性电位扫描、Tafel极化曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)的结果均表明其耐蚀性与未加入SAA的空白样相比,极化电阻和阻抗值分别提高了1倍;盐雾实验结果也表明其抗蚀能力提高了1倍;SEM显示其复合膜层均匀致密.初步探讨了成膜机理.     

恒压过滤常数的实验数据处理

在恒定压强差下进行的过滤操作称为恒压过滤,实验中往往通过测出一系列时刻θ所对应的单位过滤面积的累积滤液量q来计算其过滤常数K、q_e和θ_e。恒压过滤常数的实验数据处理通常采用微分法或积分法推导出线性方程,再通过线性拟合得到。结合我们在化工原理的日常教学实践及当今计算机应用发展趋势,我们提出直接采用二次多项式拟合的方法,亦可获得便捷、直观、可靠的计算结果。     

Optimization of extraction and determination of emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. products by HPLC-DAD

A uniform experimental design procedure was used to investigate the effects of some operating parameters on the extraction of emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. products. Variables tested were volume ratio of material to solvent, size of material, extraction time and temperature and composition of extraction solvent （mixtures of acetone-water）. Each variable was tested at seven levels; 7 experiments were performed in random order. Analyses of the extracts were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection（HPLC-DAD）. Analytical responses were processed by using a forward regression analysis, in order to find polynomial function describing the relationship between variables and responses. For all the analytes the experimental conditions for providing the highest extraction yield inside the experimental domain considered were found. Finally, a simple, rapid and accurate analytical method was developed for the determination of emodin by high performance liquid chromatography. The separation is achieved within 25 rain on an ODS column using methanol and water as gradient mobiles. Emodin can be quantified by using external standard method detecting at 436 nm. Good linearity is obtained with correlation coefficient exceeding 0.9986 and the detection limit and the quantification limit are 1.53 and 3.23 mg/L respectively. This method shows good reproducibility for the quantification of the emodin with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation less than 2.3% and 5.6% respectively. Under optimized extraction conditions, the recovery of the standard is 96.5%. The validated method is successfully applied to quantify the emodin in seven Polygonum cuspidatum sieb. Et zucc. products, which provided an idea for the pre-treatment of determination of active compounds in traditional Chinese medicines.     

五水硫酸铜的催化氧化制备

研究了空气鼓泡－－催化氧用紫杂铜制备五水硫酮铜生产方法，考察了温度、酸度、空气鼓入量、催化剂用量等影响。实验结果表明，在硫酸浓度为３％（Ｖ／Ｖ）、反应温度为６０℃，空气流量为３６０１／ｈ时，铜片溶解速率为０．０２８８ｇ／ｃｍ＾２．ｈ，产品的物含量为９８．５％。     

燕麦秸秆还原浸出低品位软锰矿及其动力学

以燕麦秸秆为还原剂,在硫酸介质中直接浸出某低品位软锰矿,研究浸出过程的工艺条件和动力学。结果表明:在硫酸浓度为150 g/L、液固比为9 mL/g、麦秆与软锰矿质量比为0.3、浸出温度90℃、浸出60 min的条件下,锰浸出率可达96.1%,此时,铁浸出率为46.8%,浸出液化学需氧量(COD)值为6.2 g/L。动力学研究表明:锰的浸出过程在333~363 K内符合未反应核缩减模型,浸出过程主要受界面化学反应步骤控制,其浸出表观活化能为69.4 kJ/mol。     

电解浸出废旧锂电池中钴的热力学和动力学

以废旧锂电池正极条为阴极,以铅板作阳极,在稀硫酸溶液中,电解浸出正极材料中的钴,从热力学和动力学两方面对钴的电解浸出过程进行研究。实验及热力学数据分析表明:LiCoO2主要通过Co(OH)3还原浸出得到Co2+,考查浸出温度和时间表明在电解前期5~30 min电解浸出由缩核模型的化学反应过程控制,浸出率α与时间t满足未反应核收缩模型1-(1-α)1/3=Kt,其表观活化能为7.32 kJ/mol;中期是混合控制;后期75~180 min符合内扩散控制模型1-2α/3-(1-α)2/3=Kt,表观活化能17.05 kJ/mol。浸出液中的铝主要是铝箔表面氧化铝层不受阴极保护而溶于硫酸溶液,正极材料从铝箔上剥离与氧化铝层的溶解有关,剥离时间影响钴的浸出率。     

粘胶专用低吸油量纳米活性碳酸钙研制

采用自吸式搅拌反应法制备纳米碳酸钙，并探讨了碳化工艺、活化温度、活化时间、活化配方、添加剂等对产品性能的影响，最终得到了粒度细小、分布均匀、吸油值小的粘胶专用纳米活性碳酸钙，现已成功应用于工业生产。     

化工原理多媒体实验教学系统的研制

以Authorware、VC 为主要开发工具，本文介绍了化工原理多媒体实验教学系统的制作过程，着重讨论了系统的设计思想和技术特点，并提出了一种快速随机选题算法。整个系统界面友好，易于使用。     

有机添加剂对铝管表面硅烷涂层耐蚀性的影响

讨论了乌洛托品、植酸和吐温-80等3种有机添加剂在缓蚀液中对铝管表面硅烷涂层耐蚀性的影响.通过失重、析氢、盐雾试验和电化学阻抗(EIS)检测了铝管的耐蚀性.结果发现,有机添加剂的加入,使铝管的耐腐蚀性能大幅度提高,尤以乌洛托品为佳.在以乌洛托品为添加剂的缓蚀液里,铝管表面复合膜层均匀致密,中性盐雾试验达到420 h.初步探讨了缓蚀膜的成膜机理.