ACS algorithm-based adaptive fuzzy PID controller and its application to CIP-Ⅰ intelligent leg

Based on the ant colony system(ACS)algorithm and fuzzy logic control,a new design method for optimal fuzzy PID controller was proposed.In this method,the ACS algorithm was used to optimize the input/output scaling factors of fuzzy PID controller to generate the optimal fuzzy control rules and optimal real-time control action on a given controlled object.The designed controller,called the Fuzzy-ACS PID controller,was used to control the CIP-I intelligent leg.The simulation experiments demonstrate that this controller has good control performance.Compared with other three optimal PID controllers designed respectively by using the differential evolution algorithm,the real-coded genetic algorithm,and the simulated annealing,it was verified that the Fuzzy-ACS PID controller has better control performance.Furthermore,the simulation results also verify that the proposed ACS algorithm has quick convergence speed,small solution variation,good dynamic convergence behavior,and high computation efficiency in searching for the optimal input/output scaling factors.     

Impact of the Insulator on the Electric Field and Generation Characteristics of Vacuum Arc Metal Plasmas

The field electron emission plays a vital role in the process of vacuum discharge breakdown. The electric field strength at the cathode tip is significant to the generation char- acteristics of vacuum arc metal plasmas. To increase the field strength at the cathode tip, a coaxial electrode plasma source was employed with an insulator settled between the electrodes. The math expression of the field strength is derived based on the Gauss theory. The impact of the insulator on the electric field and parameters of plasmas were investigated by MAXWELL 3D simulation software and the Langmuir probe. In addition, a composite insulator was adopted to further strengthen the field strength. A series of experiments were performed to focus on the role of the composite insulator in detail. The experimental and simulation results indicate that, a reasonable layout of the insulator, especially the composite insulator, can effectively increase the field strength at the cathode tip and the plasma density.     

基于FBGF-P的全光纤井下声波传感器

研究了应用于油井井下流噪声探测的FBG F-P干涉仪。结合空气腔芯轴耦合的高灵敏度全光纤声波传感器,光纤FBG F-P干涉仪设计为弱反射的长腔长结构,以提高传感器声压相移灵敏度;对空气腔芯轴内外层骨架材料优化选取,结合质量控制改善其固有频率,提高传感器的频率响应特性。实验结果表明,传感器探测灵敏度约为-147dB,频率响应范围50Hz~20kHz。传感器为全光纤结构,进行耐压与防水封装后,能满足高温高压井测量工作环境的应用要求。     

借鉴IEC 61850功能分层的保护装置的设计

借鉴IEC 61850功能分层结构，将保护装置各功能模块划分为映射的过程层和映射的间隔层，映射层之间采用以太网通信。由于实现了与IEC 61850功能分层类似的结构和相同的通信网络标准，保护装置既能在现有变电站自动化系统下具有较好的性能，又可以通过与IEC 61850各功能层的直接互联运行在IEC 61850标准的变电站自动化系统中。详细阐述了该类保护装置的硬件设计方法和实现形式，并以电容器保护装置为例，初步建立了装置的IEC 61850设备模型。     

φ50m浓缩机中心支架的改进

介绍了NT-50型浓缩机在生产过程中存在的问题，在不改变原安装尺寸的前提下，进行了技术改造，即采用回转支承取代原平面轴承，用聚胺脂滑触线代替老式集电装置，并在中心套筒和中心座内贴耐磨铸石，取得了较好的效果。     

山西主导产业增长空间受限接续产业发展任重道远

从理论上讲，经济的发展是没有止境的，但现实中任何一种产品、任何一个行业的发展受资源、环境及市场需求的影响是有“顶”的，尤其是实体经济部门的发展（如农业、工业、建筑业），在离“顶”点较远的时候可以产生较高的发展速度（如我省过去25年电力工业和炼焦工业），当离“顶”点不远或已经到“顶”的时候，其发展就受到了限制，在这种情况下，     

硫酸氢钾催化合成环己烯

研究了硫酸氢钾催化环己醇脱水制备环己烯的反应,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对脱水反应的影响。结果表明:在催化剂用量为环己醇质量的15%,油浴温度180～190℃,反应2 5h,环己烯产率达75 6%,纯度为97 1%,催化剂可重复使用。     

大港油田应用水平井油藏适应性分析

大港油田水平井、侧钻水平井大部分应用于已开发的老油田。水平井较适应的油藏是油层控制程度高、非均质程度低、单层厚度大、直井有一定产能的油藏和生物灰岩油藏及低渗单一薄砂岩油层。实施效果较差油藏是断层多、地层倾角大、油层薄、储层和非储层界线不明显、油藏开采后期油水关系复杂的油藏以及枯竭式开采油藏。