Treatment of wastewater from a school in a decentralized filtration system by percolation over organic packing media

Based on results obtained in the laboratory a WWTP composed of a septic tank and an aerated percolating filter packed with organic media was built for a school. The system can treat 18 m3 d(-1) and was operated with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.078 (m3 m(-2) d(-1). For 360 days different operational conditions including start-up; stabilization; operation with aeration and non aeration; effect of rainy season, breaks from activities due to holidays and restart; were monitored and described in the article. Once stabilized, the system was able to remove, without the need for mechanical aeration, 97% of BOD5, 71% of COD, 93% of TKN, 11% of PO(4-)-P, 95% of TSS, 96% of VSS, in addition to having a removal efficiency of 4 log units of Faecal Coliforms (FC) and 100% helminthes eggs (HE). With this quality, the treated wastewater can be chlorinated and reused to irrigate green areas and/or in toilets. Although sanitary wastewater has a high concentration of Total-N (250 mg L(-1)) and a C/N ratio of less than 1, the system removed 65% of Total-N. Finally it was observed that after non activity periods, there was neither system failure nor the need to re-stabilize the system.     

Screening of organic contaminants in urban snow

Snowmelt is known to cause peak concentrations of pollutants, which may adversely affect receiving water quality. High concentrations of metals and suspended solids in snow have been reported, whereas studies on organic pollutants are rare. This study aims at investigating the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in urban snow in Gothenburg (Sweden). The most frequently detected organic pollutants in the collected snow samples were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), high molecular-weight phthalates, 4-nonylphenol and 4-t-octylphenol. Brominated flame retardants and chlorinated paraffins were only sporadically detected. In several snow samples, the concentrations of specific PAHs, alkylphenols and phthalates were higher than reported stormwater concentrations and European water quality standards. Pollutant source identification and sustainable management of snow are important instruments for the mitigation of organic contaminants in the urban environment.     

Clonal variation in reproductive response to temperature by a potential bulking control agent, Lecane inermis (Rotifera)

The novel idea of using rotifers Lecane inermis (Rotifera, Monogononta) as a tool to overcome activated sludge bulking generates an on-going need to study rotifer biology. The results of biological research on rotifers can serve to improve the method so that it can be most effective when applied in treatment plants. The aim of this study was to test the effect of temperature on four selected rotifer clones originating from different treatment plants. The rate of population development from a single individual (parthenogenetic female) during a 10-day experiment was measured at three temperatures: 8, 15 and 20 degrees C. The temperatures used reflect the annual temperature distribution in the majority of municipal wastewater treatment plants in the temperate zone. The growth rate coefficient (r) and doubling time (tD) were calculated for each clone. Under the most favourable conditions (20 degrees C), rvalues varied between 0.41 and 0.47 d and doubling time between 1.5 and 1.7 d. At a temperature of 15 degrees C, the doubling time was approximately two times longer (2.5-3.4 d). The strongest intraspecific variations were observed at the lowest temperature of 8 degrees C. At this temperature, one of the clones almost failed to proliferate, and another exhibited a doubling time of 7.9 d. The doubling times were a few times greater for the remaining two clones (60 d for Lk1, 33.3 d for Lk4). These results could be very useful in predicting the chances that the rotifers would survive in a biological reactor in a wastewater treatment plant at the temperatures used in these reactors.     

基于三(8-羟基喹啉)铝的紫外增强薄膜研究

为了提高硅基成像器件的紫外响应,本文通过对Alq3发光机理与光致发光特性的研究,用真空蒸镀的方法制备出了基于Alq3的有机金属薄膜.通过测量Alq3薄膜的透过率、光致发光光谱和激发光谱,发现Alq3薄膜在可见波段有很好的透过性,用紫外光激发会产生较强的绿光(中心波长位于510 nm),且激发光谱宽(250～425 nm).结论表明Alq3薄膜的发射光谱能够与传统硅基成像器件的响应光谱匹配,是一种符合实际要求的紫外增强薄膜.     

Stability margin of uncertain control systems

Achieving stability is the essential issue in the control system design. In this paper, four approaches that can be used to calculate the stability margin of the interval plant family are summarized and compared. The μ approach gives the bounds of the stability margin, and good estimation can be obtained with the numerical method. The eigenvalue approach yields accurate value, and the MATLAB＇s function robuststab sometimes provides wrong results. Since the eigenvalue approach is both accurate and computationally efficient, it is recommended for the calculation of the stability margin, while utilization of the function robuststab should be avoided due to the unreliable results it gives.     

氧化铋掺杂制备SnO2棒状晶粒气敏材料的研究

探讨了氧化铋掺杂的SnO2纳米棒状晶粒气敏材料的制备,并测试了材料的气敏特性。氧化铋在高温形成液相,促进SnO2棒状晶粒的形成,同时氧化铋作为气敏材料的添加剂提高了对乙醇等气体的灵敏度。结果表明,采用液相沉淀法制备纳米粉体,在Bi添加量为10mol%,850℃保温2h的烧结条件下,得到的SnO2棒状晶粒直径约50nm,线径比为5,且较为均一。粉体经过稀硝酸溶液浸泡,其晶粒形貌及相结构不变,酸洗处理后的棒晶粉体制备的气敏元件,电阻值适中,对气体灵敏度提高。对乙醇、丙酮、汽油、苯和氨气的测试说明,氧化铋掺杂的SnO2棒状晶粒作为气敏材料,在不同温区对乙醇和丙酮的灵敏度较高,而且工作温度较低,对汽油、苯和氨气等气体有较好的选择性。     

考虑季节性氢储及期货式碳交易的综合能源系统年度规划研究

随着新能源渗透率不断提高,季节性供需波动成为新型综合能源系统在中长期规划内需要解决的重要问题。首先提出了考虑碳流及氢能的多能耦合综合能源系统框架,选择燃氢轮机取代燃料电池作为氢-电耦合方式,研究了氢气作为季节性储能的制-储-用过程;其次,为了控制系统年度碳排量,提出了适应系统年度规划的期货式碳交易机制,建立了以系统改造升级成本、运行成本、碳成本以及惩罚成本综合目标最优的综合能源系统年度规划模型,利用改进差分进化算法对模型进行求解;最后通过具体算例,证明了季节性氢储可有效平抑净负荷曲线的季节性峰谷差,期货式碳交易机制在控制系统年度碳排量不超标的基础上,降低了系统碳交易成本,为未来新型综合能源系统年度规划提供参考。     

基于机器视觉的机器人辨识及分拣盒装香烟的系统

运用机器视觉技术和机器人技术设计并实现了一种识别、分拣盒装香烟的系统,以提高识别准确率和分拣效率。该系统通过USB摄像头采集烟盒图像信息,从烟盒的特征检测入手,利用Matlab工具对香烟条形码、烟盒颜色和字迹字符三个方面进行处理分析,识别出真伪香烟,并随即通过控制机器人手爪对识别出的香烟进行分拣。     

以第一性原理研究立方相CeO2的弹性、电子结构和光学性质

运用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下的超软赝势平面波(USPP)方法,计算了立方相CeO2的几何结构、弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质,并采用HSE06杂化泛函矫正了带隙.所得晶格参数及体模量与先前文献报道数据基本吻合.计算出了二阶弹性常数及德拜温度值,并给出了能带结构、态密度、差分电荷密度的分布情况.最后,为了阐明CeO2的光学跃迁机制,计算并分析了其复介电常数、折射率、吸附光谱、反射光谱等光学性质.     

基于项目反应理论自适应测试系统的设计实现

根据自适应学习的特点,对项目反应理论的参数模型进行分析,提出极大似然估算法计算学习者能力参数。并在分析自适应测试系统的体系结构及系统主要功能模块的基础上,构建该测试系统;并提出了测试系统中首题估算策略、信息间隔量估算策略,从而提高出题速度和计算速度;并根据学习者的实际测试情况得出难度系数和特征水平,实现了难度系数算法和学习者特质水平计算算法。在此基础上开发了一个基于计算机应用基础课程的自适应测试系统。