水库调水调沙回顾与展望--兼论小浪底水库运用方式研究

作者简要回顾了三门峡、恒山水库调度方式和小浪底工程设计、“八五”攻关和专题研究之运用方式以及碛口、三门峡、小浪底水库联合调度方式等。提出小浪底水库调度应坚持“多年调节泥沙 ,相机排沙”运用方式 ;调控库容应大一些 ,同时要有灵活性 ;充分利用天然大水过程排沙 ,必要时也可相机造峰 ;注重水库联合调水调沙运用及有关技术问题研究     

Detection of ultrasonic tones and simulated dolphin echolocation clicks by a teleost fish, the American shad (Alosa sapidissima)

The authors previously reported that American shad (Alosa sapidissima) can detect sounds from 100 Hz to 180 kHz, with two regions of best sensitivity, one from 200 to 800 Hz and the other from 25 to 150 kHz [Mann et al., Nature 389, 341 (1997)]. These results demonstrated ultrasonic hearing by shad, but thresholds at lower frequencies were potentially masked by background noise in the experimental room. In this study, the thresholds of the American shad in a quieter and smaller tank, as well as thresholds for detecting stimulated echolocation sounds of bottlenosed dolphins was determined. Shad had lower thresholds for detection (from 0.2 to 0.8 kHz) in the quieter and smaller tank compared with the previous experiment, with low-frequency background noise but similar thresholds at ultrasonic frequencies. Shad were also able to detect echolocation clicks with a threshold of 171 dB re: 1 microPa peak to peak. If spherical spreading and an absorption coefficient of 0.02 dB/m of dolphin echolocation clicks are assumed, shad should be able to detect echolocating Tursiops truncatus at ranges up to 187 m. The authors propose that ultrasonic hearing evolved in shad in response to selection pressures from echolocating odontocete cetaceans.     

Planned condom use among women undergoing tubal sterilization

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Women who are undergoing tubal sterilization are at risk for various sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) if they do not use a barrier method of contraception. There is a paucity of data concerning dual use of condoms among sterilized women. GOAL: Planned use of condoms for protection against STDs was examined among 2,782 women undergoing surgical sterilization from 1991 to 1996. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: Planned condom use increased significantly over the 6-year study period. Of women who were using condoms before sterilization (n = 646), nearly half indicated no plans to do so after becoming sterilized. Thus, 11% of the total sample experienced an increased risk for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus or other STDs. Condom abandonment was significantly higher among Hispanic and married women. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between condom use and various characteristics. Factors associated with future condom use were younger age, black ethnicity, being unmarried, previous STD, not having a steady partner, higher number of previous sexual partners, having used condoms for disease prevention in the past, and lack of partner involvement in the decision to undergo sterilization. CONCLUSIONS: Use of condoms among sterilized women appears to be on the rise, women at higher risk for disease are more likely than others to be using condoms, and only a small group of women experience an increased risk for exposure to disease as a result of selecting this permanent method of contraception.     

Rapid, sensitive procedure to determine buspirone levels in rat brains using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection

Reported here is a rapid, sensitive and relatively inexpensive procedure using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC-NPD) to quantify buspirone levels in brains of rats. The analyte was directly extracted from brain homogenate with toluene after basification and then subjected to GC-NPD analysis using a capillary column. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 10 to 320 ng per 2 ml of brain homogenate, with typical r2 values >0.99. The assay was highly reproducible and gave peaks with excellent chromatographic properties.     

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis: study of the correlation between density of glucocorticoid receptors in synovial cells and clinical response to steroidal treatment

BACKGROUND: The target cellular response to glucocorticoids is proportional to the concentrations or affinity of specific receptors to these substances. AIM: To look for a correlation between glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in synovial wall cells and the clinical response to steroidal treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied. Each subject was subjected to a synovial biopsy, in which a dry radioautographic technique for diffusible compounds was used. Patients were treated afterwards with three 500 mg intravenous pulses of methilprednisolone. RESULTS: A mean of 44.8% of synovial cells (range 30.1-62.8%) had binding sites for 3H dexamethasone. All patients had a significant clinical improvement after methylprednisolone. Multiple regression analysis did not show a correlation between clinical response and glucocorticoid receptor concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of association between glucocorticoid receptor concentrations and clinical response could be due to the large steroid dose used, that saturated all available receptors.     

Physiologo-biochemical characteristics if Gluconobacter oxydans and prospects for its use in biotechnology and biosensor systems (review)

Gluconobacter oxydans possesses a unique organization of metabolic systems, which are characterized by reduction of major dissimilation pathways, surface localization of main oxidative enzymes responsible for partial oxidation of carbon substrates, high performance of electron-transport chains, and accumulation of partially oxidized metabolites in the medium. These features allow us to use the cells of these microorganisms in biotechnology for production of several food products and medicines. The use of G. oxydans in biosensors for estimation of concentrations of sugars, aldoses and polyalcohols is promising. Physiological and biochemical features of these microorganisms enabling their use in biotechnology and receptor elements of biosensors are reviewed.     

石化行业自动化控制仪表常见故障分析及其处理

介绍化工生产过程中仪表故障及其处理措施。     

反倾岩质边坡弯曲倾倒-剪切滑移破坏分析方法研究

目前反倾岩质边坡弯曲倾倒破坏分析方法仍以基于极限平衡理论的悬臂梁模型为主,但大多未考虑坡脚岩层的剪切破坏。为准确评价该类边坡的稳定性,建立考虑坡脚岩层剪切破坏的分析计算方法。首先,根据岩层变形破坏特征,将边坡分为后缘稳定区、中部弯曲倾倒区和前缘剪切区3个区域;其次,建立弯曲倾倒-剪切滑移破坏模式的稳定性分析方法;最后,通过工程实例验证,并进行参数分析。研究结果表明:提出的分析方法与工程实际符合性较好;边坡在倾角较陡、坡角较大时稳定性最差,坡角对边坡稳定性影响大于岩层倾角的影响;岩层厚度及层面内摩擦角增加有利于边坡稳定性,且会扩大坡脚剪切区范围。研究成果对反倾岩质边坡破坏的防治具有实践指导意义。     

Simulation of smoke flow and longitudinal ventilation in tunnel fire

1 Introduction The tunnel is one of the important facilities of railroad and highway transportation, and also a throat of railroad and highway. With the development of transportation, there are more and more tunnels. Although the tunnel fire occurs seldo…     

疫情防控下高校工科女大学生就业环境分析与策略选择

2020年疫情暴发以来,国家和政府高度重视疫情防控,不断推进稳就业、促就业的相关政策陆续出台,高校毕业生作为就业工作重要群体受到国家和政府的重点关注和全力帮扶.基于疫情常态化防控视角,借助SWOT分析理论,研究现行背景下高校工科女大学生就业工作内部环境的优势与劣势,外部环境的机遇与挑战,分析就业策略与选择.研究结论表明:在常态化疫情防控背景下,工科女大学生的性别弱势使其遭受性别相关的就业不利与挑战,国家政策的大力帮扶和新兴职业的衍生发展为其就业创造良好机遇,在就业选择上主动适应市场环境,提升自身就业竞争力,可实现工科女大学生高质量就业.