Prediction-based secured handover authentication for mobile cloud computing

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is a new technology that brings cloud computing and mobile networks together. It enhances the quality of service delivered to mobile clients, network operators, and cloud providers. Security in MCC technology, particularly authentication during the handover process, is a big challenge. Current vertical handover authentication protocols encounter different problems such as undesirable delays in real-time applications, the man in the middle attack, and replay attack. In this paper, a new authentication protocol for heterogeneous IEEE 802.11/LTE-A mobile cloud networks are proposed. The proposed protocol is mainly based on the view of the 3GPP access network discovery and selection function, which uses the capacities given by the IEEE 802.11 and the 3GPP long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) standards interconnection. A prediction scheme, with no additional load over the network, or the user is utilized to handle cloud computing issues arising during authentication in the handover process. The proposed handover authentication protocol outperformed existing protocols in terms of key confidentiality, powerful security, and efficiency which was used to reduce bandwidth consumption.

     

Robust color image watermarking using invariant quaternion Legendre-Fourier moments

In this paper, a geometrically invariant color image watermarking method using Quaternion Legendre-Fourier moments (QLFMs) is presented. A highly accurate, fast and numerically stable method is proposed to compute the QLFMs in polar coordinates. The proposed watermarking method consists of three main steps. First, the Arnold scrambling algorithm is applied to a binary watermark image. Second, the QLFMs of the original host color image are computed. Third, the binary digital watermark is embedding by performing the quantization of selected QLFMs. Two different groups of attacks are considered. The first group includes geometric attacks such as rotation, scaling and translation while the second group includes the common signal processing attacks such as image compression and noise. Experiments are performed where the performance of proposed method is compared with the existing moment-based watermarking methods. The proposed method is superior over all existing quaternion moment-based watermarking in terms of visual imperceptibility capability and robustness to different attacks.     

Fast computation of accurate Gaussian–Hermite moments for image processing applications

Gaussian–Hermite moments are orthogonal moments widely used in image processing and computer vision applications. Similar to the other families of orthogonal moments, highly computational demands represent the main challenging. In this work, an efficient method is proposed for fast computation of highly accurate Gaussian–Hermite moments for gray-level images. The proposed method achieves the accuracy through the integration of Gaussian–Hermite polynomials over the image pixels. To achieve the efficiency, the symmetry property of Gaussian–Hermite polynomials is employed where the computational complexity is reduced by 75%. Fast computational methodology is employed to significantly accelerate the computational process where the 2D Gaussian–Hermite moments are treated in a separated form. Numerical experiments are performed where the results are compared with the conventional method. The comparison of the obtained results clearly ensures the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Relative Hypoglycemia of Rectal Insulin Suppositories Containing Deoxycholic Acid, Sodium Taurocholate, Polycarbophil, and Their Combinations in Diabetic Rabbits

In this study, insulin suppositories containing 50 U insulin incorporated with 50 mg of deoxycholic acid, sodium taurocholate, or both were placed in the rectum of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rabbits. A large decrease in plasma glucose concentrations was observed, and the relative hypoglycemias were calculated to be 38.0%, 34.9%, and 44.4%, respectively, compared with insulin subcutaneous (s.c.) injection (40 U). Insulin suppositories containing 50 mg polycarbophil alone or mixed with 50 mg deoxycholic acid produced relative hypoglycemia of 43.1% and 42.2%, respectively. The most pronounced effect was observed with the addition of polycarbophil to the suppository formulation containing a combination of deoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate, which produced a 56% relative hypoglycemia compared with subcutaneous injection. These suppository formulations could be very promising alternatives to the current insulin injections, being roughly half as efficacious as subcutaneous injection.     

Facile synthesis and optical band gap calculation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles

Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by a simple solid state decomposition method. Four manganese benzoic acid complexes were synthesized through semi-solid phase reaction method as precursors for the preparation of Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles. The calcination temperature of the precursors was determined from thermal gravimetrical analyses (TGA). The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, STM and HRTEM. The obtained particle size is in the range 39–90 nm. HRTEM indicated the formation of spherical nanoparticles. The optical absorption measurements for the obtained nanoparticles showed that the fundamental absorption edge obeys Tauc's relation for the allowed direct transition. It was found that, the optical band gap (E_g) increases with the decrease of the particle size of the Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles.     

Effect of bioadhesive polymers,sodium salicylate,polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether,and method of preparation on the relative hypoglycemia produced by insulin enteric-coated capsules in diabetic beagle dogs

The hypoglycemic effect of oral insulin capsules coated with pH-dependent Eudragit® S100 and containing various absorption promoters was studied in hyperglycemic beagle dogs. The absorption enhancers used were bioadhesive polymers, sodium salicylate, and non-ionic surfactants. A comparative study of the bioadhesive polymers, polycarbophil (PC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and carbopol 934 in insulin-coated capsules revealed no significant difference between the insulin capsules containing these polymers, giving relative hypoglycemia (RH) values ranging from 4.3±2.3% to 6.5±5.1%. It was also found that the method of preparation of the mixture of the bioadhesive polymer with insulin either by physical mixing or freeze-drying did not affect the RH values obtained. Sodium salicylate, when used in insulin enteric-coated capsules (50 mg) mixed with insulin as a physical mixture, or prepared by wet granulation using 10% polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP), or by freeze-drying, produced RH values ranging from 7.3±2.9% to 9.4±3.7%. When sodium salicylate (100 mg) was used with insulin in freeze-dried granules an RH value of 10±2.6% was produced. As the dose of insulin increased from 6 to 9 U/kg, the area under curve (AUC) of the enteric-coated capsules containing 50 mg sodium salicylate increased from 73.2±27.8% to 121.4±102.7% reduction, but the RH did not change significantly. Insulin capsules containing polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether (POELE) used in its optimum concentration (2%), found in these experiments, produced RH of 9.5±6.8% when prepared as granules by wetting with a few drops of absolute alcohol in the presence of PC (50 mg). Insulin capsules containing lower (1%) or higher (3%) concentrations of POELE and prepared with PC, 50 mg by wet granulation produced lower RH of about 6%. The enteric-coated oral insulin capsules containing insulin (6 or 9 U/kg) and sodium salicylate (50 mg) as an absorption promoter, together with the bioadhesive polymer polycarbophil (50 mg), and prepared either by wet granulation using ethanol or by freeze-drying, are the best formulations to be used. They achieved a reduction in plasma glucose levels of about 25-30% and RH of about 10%. Also insulin (9 U/kg) capsules containing 2% POELE produced a 28% reduction in plasma glucose levels and RH of 9.6±6.8%.     

Genetic-Frog-Leaping Algorithm for Text Document Clustering

In recent years, the volume of information in digital form has increased tremendously owing to the increased popularity of the World Wide Web. As a result, the use of techniques for extracting useful information from large collections of data, and particularly documents, has become more necessary and challenging. Text clustering is such a technique; it consists in dividing a set of text documents into clusters (groups), so that documents within the same cluster are closely related, whereas documents in different clusters are as different as possible. Clustering depends on measuring the content (i.e., words) of a document in terms of relevance. Nevertheless, as documents usually contain a large number of words, some of them may be irrelevant to the topic under consideration or redundant. This can confuse and complicate the clustering process and make it less accurate. Accordingly, feature selection methods have been employed to reduce data dimensionality by selecting the most relevant features. In this study, we developed a text document clustering optimization model using a novel genetic frog-leaping algorithm that efficiently clusters text documents based on selected features. The proposed approach is based on two metaheuristic algorithms: a genetic algorithm (GA) and a shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA). The GA performs feature selection, and the SFLA performs clustering. To evaluate its effectiveness, the proposed approach was tested on a well-known text document dataset: the “20Newsgroup” dataset from the University of California Irvine Machine Learning Repository. Overall, after multiple experiments were compared and analyzed, it was demonstrated that using the proposed algorithm on the 20Newsgroup dataset greatly facilitated text document clustering, compared with classical K-means clustering. Nevertheless, this improvement requires longer computational time.     

Inerminosides A1, C and D, three iridoid glycosides from Clerodendrum inerme

Three new iridoid biglycosides, inerminosides A1, C and D were isolated from the leaves of Clerodendrum inerme and their structures were established as 2'-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl)-mussaenosidic acid, 2'-O-[5"-O-(8-hydroxy-2,6- dimethyl-2(E)-octenoyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl]-gardoside and 2'-O-[5"-O-(p-hydroxy-benzoyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl]-mussaenosi dic acid, respectively.     

Metal Chelates with Some Cellulose Derivatives: V. Synthesis and Characterization of Some Iron(III) Complexes with Cellulose Ethers

Two types of monoligand complexes of FeCl₃, Fe(NO₃)₃ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were prepared and characterized. Elemental analysis, UV and IR spectro-scopies, conductance and magnetic measurements were used to assign the mode of coordination in the isolated species. The investigation revealed that Fe(III ) exhibits tetrahedral coordination with HEC and CMC. These ligands act as a bidentate chelating agent via the two oxygen atoms of the vicinal hydroxyl and ether groups (ethoxyl or carboxymethyl groups). The prepared complexes have the formula [(HEC) FeCl]Cl, [(HEC) FeNO₃]NO₃, [(HEC)FeSO₄·H₂O]H₂O, [(CMC)FeCl·H₂O]Cl·2H₂O, [(CMC)Fe·2NO₃]3H₂O and [(CMC)-FeSO₄·H₂O]H₂O. The results also showed that the type of cellulose ether (functional group) and the anion of the metal salts used have an effect on the conductivity, structure and absorptivity of Fe(III ) complexes. © of SCI.