在自然与城市的边界:基于簇群模式的当代中国城郊居住探讨

针对中国当代城市化进程中自然和城市间新的边界条件,基于"簇群"模式及其结构与形态特征,展开对城郊居住模式的探讨,以此联结用地与建筑两个层面,发挥自然景观和公共服务的双重优势。通过案例研究,提出结合用地的中低层高密度簇群式居住、景观优先的用地策略与簇群模式等,以期重新回应自然居住的传统,为中国当代城乡居住前景展现更多的方法和可能。     

Converting Cyclohexanone to Liquid Fuel-Grade Products: A Characterization and Comparison Study of Hydrotreating Molybdenum Catalysts

Catalysis Letters - Developing biomass-based strategies for liquid bio-fuels production is promising for the reduction of the aftereffects of fossil fuels. The conversion of lignin-derived...     

Spectromicroscopy of tribological films from engine oil additives. Part I. Films from ZDDP's

Antiwear films formed from pure neutral alkyl‐ and aryl‐ZDDP's, and a commercial ZDDP, have been studied with high resolution synchrotron‐based photoemission spectromicroscopy with a new instrument, MEPHISTO. Good P L‐edge XANES spectra have been taken on areas between 12 and 400 μm², and good images of phosphates and ZDDP have been obtained at ∼1 μm resolution on both smooth and rough steel. These spectra, and corresponding images, show immediately that both the chemistry and the morphology of the alkyl and aryl films are very different. The alkyl film contains a range of smaller and larger protective polyphosphate pads from a few to ∼25 μm² in area. We have shown that the chemistry of small and large pads are different. The large pads contain very long chain polyphosphate; while the smaller pads contain short chain polyphosphate. The aryl films contain ortho‐ or pyro‐phosphates, are much thinner and more uniform, with obviously more streaking from initial wear, and no obvious protective pad formation. Antiwear films generated from the commercial ZDDP, rubbed in base oil, show that the long chain polyphosphate is converted to ortho‐ or pyro‐phosphate, but the amount and distribution of phosphate does not change noticeably. The antiwear films are remarkably stable physically. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Human axillary extracts: Analysis of compounds from samples which influence menstrual timing

Previous studies have shown that menstrual cycle length and fertility are affected by a regular pattern of either: (1) intimate contact with men; or (2) contact with extracts from male axillary secretions; and (3) the axillary extracts of women. Experiments utilizing axillary extracts employed a controlled, double-blind research design using either extract or placebo. The study reported here employed quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to determine the concentration of several steroids in the male and female axillary secretion extracts. The steroids examined were: androsterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and the volatile steroid androstenol. The results suggest the following: (1) The concentration of androstenol produced by secretion donors varied during the collection period. Males appear to produce more androstenol at certain times; women's secretions show a menstrual variation in androstenol; the highest concentrations of this compound appear to be produced in the midfollicular phase, prior to ovulation. (2) The concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is significantly greater in men than in women. (3) In addition to the steroids, a series of aliphatic acids which range from C₂ to C₁₈ in chain length were found. The more volatile members of this series may contribute to the odor of the secretions.     

Mo.nalis.a: a methodological approach to identify how to meet thermal industrial needs using already available geothermal resources

Mo.nalis.a is a conceptual model aimed at identifying the most suitable local geothermal sources to match the nearest industrial thermal needs. The methodological approach proposed is based on investigating industrial thermal processes and then identifying suitable geothermal solution plants that match these thermal requirements. The model was tested in Apulia (southern Italy) as a case study for assessing how the methodology could contribute to reducing the use of conventional energy resources for the industrial heat supply sector. The medium thermal needs in Apulia are always higher than 60 °C, and the main strategic industrial processes discussed into this work are “pasta and flour production” “wastewater treatment/sludge digestion” and “swimming pool management”. In order to match these industrial thermal demands, the most suitable proposed plant is the ground water heat pump system, limited to the first 100 m, the depth involved in the heat exchange through vertical probes of model. Finally, Mo.nalis.a identifies the Apulian areas with a possible development of these three activities using geothermal resource: the Foggia province, Murge and Salento sectors.     

Syntheses and characterization of isotopically labeled 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)**

Synthesis and characterization of chemical analogues of TATB, where specific atoms in the structure have been isotopically substituted, are reported. ¹⁵N, ²H, and ¹⁸O have replaced the naturally occurring isotope distributions in the amino and/or the nitro attendant sites and ¹³C has replaced the carbon in the ring structure. A modified wet-amination method was used to produce the analogues, and the isotopic replacements were performed by selective choice of labeled precursors. Four ¹⁵N-labeled compounds (N replaced in the amino and nitro positions), two deuterium-labeled compounds (hydrogens replaced on the amino groups), and one ¹³C-labeled compound (C in the ring substituted) were synthesized of high isotopic and chemical purity. One partially labeled ¹⁸O-labeled compound (O in the nitro position) was a result of incomplete labeling due to exchange reactions during synthesis. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods – mass spectrometry (MS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR), infrared (FTIR), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), depending upon the substitution. These compounds have been critical to the efforts in understanding the decomposition pathways of TATB when exposed to abnormal thermal environments.     

Controlling DNA Bundle Size and Spatial Arrangement in Self-assembled Arrays on Superhydrophobic Surface

Nano-Micro Letters - The use of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) is now emerging as an attractive platform for the realization of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures with potential applications in...     

Evaluation of pure‐component adsorption properties of silicalite based on the Langmuir and Sips models

The Langmuir and Sips models parameters were estimated for the adsorption of several light gases and hydrocarbons (H₂, CH₄, CO₂, CO, N₂, C₂H₆, C₃H₈, n‐C₄H₁₀) in silicalite along with their functionality with temperature. This is a scientific attempt to resume and reconcile the number of available experimental data and supply scientists and other operators with the adsorption properties of silicalite within a wider range of temperature and pressure. Furthermore, to provide readers with more detailed information on where each of the two models work better, the analysis is divided into three temperature ranges: low‐temperature, high‐temperature, and whole temperature range. As a result, it is found that the Langmuir model works well in the whole temperature range for the light gases considered but not for the other hydrocarbons, for which it is better to use the Sips model by splitting calculation over low‐ and high‐temperature range. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3911–3922, 2015