全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19189篇 |
免费 | 1054篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 109篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
化学工业 | 4083篇 |
金属工艺 | 314篇 |
机械仪表 | 344篇 |
建筑科学 | 541篇 |
矿业工程 | 45篇 |
能源动力 | 304篇 |
轻工业 | 3580篇 |
水利工程 | 218篇 |
石油天然气 | 68篇 |
武器工业 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 792篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3001篇 |
冶金工业 | 4429篇 |
原子能技术 | 72篇 |
自动化技术 | 2344篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 47篇 |
2023年 | 164篇 |
2022年 | 318篇 |
2021年 | 604篇 |
2020年 | 435篇 |
2019年 | 466篇 |
2018年 | 813篇 |
2017年 | 782篇 |
2016年 | 783篇 |
2015年 | 627篇 |
2014年 | 780篇 |
2013年 | 1476篇 |
2012年 | 1182篇 |
2011年 | 993篇 |
2010年 | 848篇 |
2009年 | 771篇 |
2008年 | 776篇 |
2007年 | 734篇 |
2006年 | 470篇 |
2005年 | 357篇 |
2004年 | 384篇 |
2003年 | 332篇 |
2002年 | 313篇 |
2001年 | 212篇 |
2000年 | 190篇 |
1999年 | 266篇 |
1998年 | 1465篇 |
1997年 | 946篇 |
1996年 | 590篇 |
1995年 | 306篇 |
1994年 | 245篇 |
1993年 | 286篇 |
1992年 | 89篇 |
1991年 | 81篇 |
1990年 | 75篇 |
1989年 | 77篇 |
1988年 | 77篇 |
1987年 | 63篇 |
1986年 | 65篇 |
1985年 | 82篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 39篇 |
1982年 | 54篇 |
1981年 | 65篇 |
1980年 | 53篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 98篇 |
1976年 | 191篇 |
1974年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
The Dufour gland of Nannotrigona testaceicornis is a large, wide, pear-shaped sac. The gland secretion consists chiefly of the diterpene ester all-trans-geranylgeranyl acetate (64% of the total), together with a complex mixture of small amounts of cyclic ketals; mono-, sesqui-, and diterpene compounds; acetates; and other oxygenated compounds. Samples of N. testaceicornis collected at two sites in Brazil and one in México shared the same composition of their glands, suggesting that the species is uniform over this wide geographical area. 相似文献
992.
Céspedes CL Calderón JS Salazar JR Lotina-Hennsen B Segura R 《Journal of chemical ecology》2001,27(1):137-149
The effect of cedrelanolide, the most abundant limonoid isolated from Cedrela salvadorensis (Meliaceae), was assayed as a plant-growth inhibitory compound against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds. This compound inhibited germination, seed respiration, and seedling dry weights of some plant species (Lolium multiflorum, var. Hercules, Triticum vulgare, var. Salamanca, Physalis ixocarpa, and Trifolium alexandrinum). Our results indicate that cedrelanolide interferes with monocot preemergence properties, mainly energy metabolism of the seeds at the level of respiration. In addition, the compound inhibits photophosphorylation, H+ uptake, and noncyclic electron flow. This behavior might be responsible for its plant-growth inhibitory properties and its possible role as an allelopathic agent. 相似文献
993.
Gómez-Coca RB Kapinos LE Holý A Vilaplana RA González-Vílchez F Sigel H 《Metal-Based Drugs》2000,7(6):313-324
The stability constants of the mixed-ligand complexes formed between Cu(Arm)(2+), where Arm= 2,2'-bipyridine (Bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), and the dianions of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (9,8aPMEA) and 8-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (8,8aPMEA) (both also abbreviated as PA(2-)) were determined by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution (25 ( degrees )C; I = 0.1 M, NaNO(3)). All four ternary Cu(Arm)(PA) complexes are considerably more stable than corresponding Cu(Arm)(R-PO(3)) species, where R-PO(3) (2-) represents a phosph(on)ate ligand with a group R that is unable to participate in any kind of interaction within the complexes. The increased stability is attributed to intramolecular stack formation in the Cu(Arm)(PA) complexes and also to the formation of 5-membered chelates involving the ether oxygen present in the -CH(2)-O-CH(2)-PO(3) (2-) residue of the azaPMEAs. A quantitative analysis of the intramolecular equilibria involving three structurally different Cu(Arm)(PA) species is carried out. For example, about 5% of the Cu(Bpy)(8,8aPMEA) system exist with the metal ion solely coordinated to the phosphonate group, 14% as a 5-membered chelate involving the -CH(2)-O-CH(2)-PO(3) (2-)residue, and 81% with an intramolecular stack between the 8-azapurine moiety and the aromatic rings of Bpy. The results for the other systems are similar though with Phen a formation degree of about 90% for the intramolecular stack is reached. The existence of the stacked species is also proven by spectrophotometric measurements. In addition, the Cu(Arm)(PA) complexes may be protonated, leading to Cu(Arm)(H;PA)(+) species for which it is concluded that the proton is located at the phosphonate group and that the complexes are mainly formed by a stacking adduct between Cu(Arm)(2+) and H(PA)(-). Conclusions regarding the biological properties of these azaPMEAs are shortly indicated. 相似文献
994.
J. Santamaría O. Cordón S. Damas I. Aleman M. Botella 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2007,11(9):819-828
Different tasks in forensic anthropology require the use of three-dimensional models of forensic objects (skulls, bones, corpses,
etc) captured by 3D range scanners. Since a whole object cannot be completely scanned with a single image, multiple scans
from different views are needed to supply the information to construct the 3D model. Range image registration methods study
the accurate integration of the different views acquired by range scanners, with pair-wise approaches progressively processing
every adjacent pair of scanned views until reconstructing the whole 3D model of the object. Our proposal is based on the adaptation
of our previous work (Cordon et al, IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pp 2738–2744, 2005 in Pattern Recognit Lett
27(11); 1191-1200, 2006) in order to apply the scatter search evolutionary algorithm to pair-wise image registration in forensic
anthropology applications. To measure the performance of this adaptation, we design an experimental setup considering some
of the most recent and accurate evolutionary techniques for the problem, as well as one skull from our Physical Anthropology
Lab. Two additional volumes, commonly used in other pair-wise range IR contributions, have also been considered to complement
the comparison of results among the proposals.
This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain under project TIC2003-00877 (including FEDER fundings). 相似文献
995.
Jorge Couchet Daniel Manrique Juan Ríos Alfonso Rodríguez-Patón 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2007,11(10):943-955
This paper proposes a new grammar-guided genetic programming (GGGP) system by introducing two original genetic operators:
crossover and mutation, which most influence the evolution process. The first, the so-called grammar-based crossover operator,
strikes a good balance between search space exploration and exploitation capabilities and, therefore, enhances GGGP system
performance. And the second is a grammar-based mutation operator, based on the crossover, which has been designed to generate
individuals that match the syntactical constraints of the context-free grammar that defines the programs to be handled. The
use of these operators together in the same GGGP system assures a higher convergence speed and less likelihood of getting
trapped in local optima than other related approaches. These features are shown throughout the comparison of the results achieved
by the proposed system with other important crossover and mutation methods in two experiments: a laboratory problem and the
real-world task of breast cancer prognosis. 相似文献
996.
Francisco J. López Fraguas Mario Rodríguez Artalejo Rafael del Vado Vírseda 《Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation》2007,20(1-2):73-122
In this paper we propose a new generic scheme CFLP풟, intended as a logical and semantic framework for lazy Constraint Functional Logic Programming over a parametrically given
constraint domain 풟. As in the case of the well known CLP풟 scheme for Constraint Logic Programming, 풟 is assumed to provide domain specific data values and constraints. CFLP풟 programs are presented as sets of constrained rewrite rules that define the behavior of possibly higher order and/or non-deterministic
lazy functions over 풟. As a main novelty w.r.t. previous related work, we present a Constraint Rewriting Logic CRWL풟 which provides a declarative semantics for CFLP풟 programs. This logic relies on a new formalization of constraint domains and program interpretations, which allows a flexible
combination of domain specific data values and user defined data constructors, as well as a functional view of constraints.
This research has been partially supported by the Spanish National Projects MELODIAS (TIC2002-01167), MERIT-FORMS (TIN2005-09207-C03-03)
and PROMESAS-CAM (S-0505/TIC/0407). 相似文献
997.
Most previous approaches to hardware/software partitioning considered heuristic solutions. In contrast, this paper presents
an exact algorithm for the problem based on branch-and-bound. Several techniques are investigated to speed up the algorithm,
including bounds based on linear programming, a custom inference engine to make the most out of the inferred information,
advanced necessary conditions for partial solutions, and different heuristics to obtain high-quality initial solutions. It
is demonstrated with empirical measurements that the resulting algorithm can solve highly complex partitioning problems in
reasonable time. Moreover, it is about ten times faster than a previous exact algorithm based on integer linear programming.
The presented methods can also be useful in other related optimization problems. 相似文献
998.
Gábor Horváth Tamás Szabó 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2007,37(1):124-138
The cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) has some attractive features, namely fast learning capability and the possibility of efficient digital hardware implementation. Although CMAC was proposed many years ago, several open questions have been left even for today. The most important ones are about its modeling and generalization capabilities. The limits of its modeling capability were addressed in the literature, and recently, certain questions of its generalization property were also investigated. This paper deals with both the modeling and the generalization properties of CMAC. First, a new interpolation model is introduced. Then, a detailed analysis of the generalization error is given, and an analytical expression of this error for some special cases is presented. It is shown that this generalization error can be rather significant, and a simple regularized training algorithm to reduce this error is proposed. The results related to the modeling capability show that there are differences between the one-dimensional (1-D) and the multidimensional versions of CMAC. This paper discusses the reasons of this difference and suggests a new kernel-based interpretation of CMAC. The kernel interpretation gives a unified framework. Applying this approach, both the 1-D and the multidimensional CMACs can be constructed with similar modeling capability. Finally, this paper shows that the regularized training algorithm can be applied for the kernel interpretations too, which results in a network with significantly improved approximation capabilities. 相似文献
999.
E. Díaz-Valdés C. Mejía-García J. L. López-López M. Jergel 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(11):1167-1170
Superconducting Bi–Pb–Sr–Ca–Cu–O (BPSCCO) thin films were grown on MgO substrates by a spray pyrolysis technique, followed
by a solid-state reaction. The thin films with nominal composition Bi1.65Pb0.4Sr1.2Ca1.2Cu2.5(NO3)δ were grown varying mainly the annealing temperature between 835 and 855 °C in order to observe the influence on the critical
temperature Tc. At 855 °C the higher Tc was obtained for the 2212 phase. The thin films were then analyzed by X-ray diffraction, R-T measurements and atomic absorption
spectroscopy. 相似文献
1000.
Rafael García Victor H. López Andrew R. Kennedy Gabriel Arias 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(18):7794-7800
An Al-based composite reinforced with 20%SiCp was welded using the MIG welding process with direct and indirect application of the electric arc (DEA and IEA respectively).
The welds were made on 12.5 mm thick plates in three welding passes for the DEA joint whereas only one pass was required for
the IEA joint. Microstructural examination of the joints revealed DEA welds with light signs of matrix/reinforcement reaction
whilst in the IEA welds the SiC particles remained with their initial angular morphology. Mechanical failure occurred consistently
and independently of the type of joint in the weld zone and the measured strengths were 209 and 234 MPa for DEA and IEA welds
respectively. The greater strength measured for the IEA weld was due to reduced porosity and good incorporation and dispersion
of the SiC particles into the weld pool. 相似文献