基于变折扣因子EWMA的混合产品批间控制方法

批间(run-to-run,简称R2R)控制现今已被广泛用于半导体生产行业.指数加权移动平均(exponet weighted moving average.EWMA)是R2R控制的一种重要算法.折扣因子是EWMA控制期的主要参数.本文在模型中考虑了实际生产过程中混合产品少量多样的特点,引入了基于产品的变折扣因子EWMA控制算法,解决了产品切换时制程输出收敛速度过慢的问题.变折扣因子的引入提高了制程输出的响应速率而并不影响制程输出的稳定性.对实际过程的模拟仿真检验了该控制算法的可行性和优越性.     

基于交流电桥的电容式水分检测电路的设计

在已有的在线水分含量检测方法中,电容法优势最为明显,可靠性和精度都较高.基于交流电桥原理设计了一种电容式传感器检测电路,并结合水分检测的具体要求,完成了对硬件电路的制作与调试,并通过实验验证了电路的可行性.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr3C2 particulate reinforced Al2O3 matrix composites

Al₂O₃ matrix with three grades of Cr₃C₂ particle size (0.5, 1.5 and 7.5 m) composites were fabricated by a hot-pressing technique. Fully dense compacts with Cr₃C₂ content up to 40 vol % can be acquired at 1400 °C under 30 MPa pressure for 1 h. The flexural strength increases from 595 to 785 Mpa for fine Cr₃C₂ particle (0.5 m) reinforced Al₂O₃ matrix composites. The fracture strength is significantly dependent on the fracture modes of matrix (intergranular or transgranular). The transgranular fracture with a compressive residual stress gives a high fracture strength of composites. At the same time, the fracture toughness increases from 5.2 MPa m^1/2 (10 vol % Cr₃C₂) to 8.0 MPa m^1/2 (30 vol % Cr₃C₂) for the coarse Cr₃C₂ particle (7.5 n) reinforced Al₂O₃ matrix composites. The toughening effects of incorporating Cr₃C₂ particles into Al₂O₃ matrix originate from crack bridging and deflection. The electrical conductivity and the possibility of electrical discharge machining of these composites were also investigated.     

Molecular Adsorption-Induced Interfacial Solvation Regulation to Stabilize Graphite Anode in Ethylene Carbonate-Free Electrolytes

Many organic solvents have excellent solution properties, but fail to serve as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) electrolyte solvents, due to their electrochemical incompatibility with graphite anodes. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to address this issue by introducing a surface-adsorbed molecular layer to regulate the interfacial solvation structure without the alteration of electrolyte composition and properties. As a proof-of-concept study, it is demonstrated for the first time that the intrinsically incompatible propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte becomes completely compatible with graphite anodes by introducing a layer of adsorbed hexafluorobenzene (HFB) molecules to weaken the Li⁺-PC coordination strength and facilitate the interfacial desolvation process. As a consequence, the graphite/ NCM811 pouch cells using the PC-based electrolyte containing only 1 vol.% HFB demonstrate excellent long-term cycling stabilities over 1150 cycles. This strategy is also proved to be applicable to other ethylene carbonate (EC)–free electrolytes, thus providing a new avenue for developing advanced LIB electrolytes.     

径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承的端部效应分析

针对径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承轴向尺寸有限引起的端部效应会影响其轴向悬浮特性,提出一种基于H公式的二维有限元建模方法,对径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承的端部效应进行分析。首先,通过实验测试验证提出的有限元建模方法;然后,分别建立具有不同尺寸定、转子的径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承有限元模型;最后,得到不同尺寸的超导定子与不同极数的永磁转子下轴向悬浮力与位移的关系。结果表明,由于端部效应,随着超导定子分块数量的增加,轴向悬浮特性不断恶化;随着永磁转子极数的增加,轴向悬浮力最大值先提高后降低,最终趋于永磁转子无限长时的轴向悬浮力最大值。     

基于本地蒸馏联邦学习的鲁棒语音识别技术

当联邦学习（FL）算法应用于鲁棒语音识别任务时,为解决训练数据非独立同分布（Non-IID）与客户端模型缺乏个性化问题,提出基于个性化本地蒸馏的联邦学习（PLD-FLD）算法。客户端通过上行链路上传本地Logits并在中心服务器聚合后下传参数,当边缘端模型测试性能优于本地模型时,利用下载链路接收中心服务器参数,确保了本地模型的个性化与泛化性,同时将模型参数与全局Logits通过下行链路下传至客户端,实现本地蒸馏学习,解决了训练数据的Non-IID问题。在AISHELL与PERSONAL数据集上的实验结果表明,PLD-FLD算法能在模型性能与通信成本之间取得较好的平衡,面向军事装备控制任务的语音识别准确率高达91%,相比于分布式训练的FL和FLD算法具有更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性。     

High Rate,Long Lifespan LiV3O8 Nanorods as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

LiV₃O₈ nanorods with controlled size are successfully synthesized using a nonionic triblock surfactant Pluronic‐F127 as the structure directing agent. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques are used to characterize the samples. It is observed that the nanorods with a length of 4–8 µm and diameter of 0.5–1.0 µm distribute uniformly. The resultant LiV₃O₈ nanorods show much better performance as cathode materials in lithium‐ion batteries than normal LiV₃O₈ nanoparticles, which is associated with the their unique micro–nano‐like structure that can not only facilitate fast lithium ion transport, but also withstand erosion from electrolytes. The high discharge capacity (292.0 mAh g^?1 at 100 mA g^?1), high rate capability (138.4 mAh g^?1 at 6.4 A g^?1), and long lifespan (capacity retention of 80.5% after 500 cycles) suggest the potential use of LiV₃O₈ nanorods as alternative cathode materials for high‐power and long‐life lithium ion batteries. In particular, the synthetic strategy may open new routes toward the facile fabrication of nanostructured vanadium‐based compounds for energy storage applications.     

Walnut-inspired microsized porous silicon/graphene core–shell composites for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes

Silicon is considered an exceptionally promising alternative to the most commonly used material, graphite, as an anode for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, as it has high energy density owing to its high theoretical capacity and abundant storage. Here, microsized walnut-like porous silicon/reduced graphene oxide (P-Si/rGO) core–shell composites are successfully prepared via in situ reduction followed by a dealloying process. The composites show specific capacities of more than 2,100 mAh·g^?1 at a current density of 1,000 mA·g^?1, 1,600 mAh·g^?1 at 2,000 mA·g^?1, 1,500 mAh·g^?1 at 3,000 mA·g^?1, 1,200 mAh·g^?1 at 4,000 mA·g^?1, and 950 mAh·g^?1 at 5,000 mA·g^?1, and maintain a value of 1,258 mAh·g^?1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1,000 mA·g^?1. Their excellent rate performance and cycling stability can be attributed to the unique structural design: 1) The graphene shell dramatically improves the conductivity and stabilizes the solid–electrolyte interface layers; 2) the inner porous structure supplies sufficient space for silicon expansion; 3) the nanostructure of silicon can prevent the pulverization resulting from volume expansion stress. Notably, this in situ reduction method can be applied as a universal formula to coat graphene on almost all types of metals and alloys of various sizes, shapes, and compositions without adding any reagents to afford energy storage materials, graphene-based catalytic materials, graphene-enhanced composites, etc.

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Effects of Cu on Microstructures,Mechanical, and Magnetic Properties of Fe–Ni–P Alloys Fabricated by Liquid Phase Sintering

The Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys with different copper content (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) are fabricated by liquid phase sintering (LPS) at 950 °C. The nano‐Cu powder is mechanically mixed for 90 min with Fe–Ni–P composite powder using the ethanol as the medium. The microstructure, microhardness and compressive properties of Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys are investigated. The results indicate that the copper is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of sintered specimens. The sample contains a small amount of γ‐(Fe, Ni) phase when the copper content is 1 wt%, which results in its the highest compressive yield strength (948.1 MPa). The highest microhardness of 371 HV is accessible in Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloy with 2 wt% Cu. The fracture surface analysis indicates that sintered specimens with Cu addition exhibit a typical intergranular mode.