Molecular‐Level Design of Hierarchically Porous Carbons Codoped with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Capable of In Situ Self‐Activation for Sustainable Energy Systems

Hierarchically porous carbons are attracting tremendous attention in sustainable energy systems, such as lithium ion battery (LIB) and fuel cell, due to their excellent transport properties that arise from the high surface area and rich porosity. The state‐of‐the‐art approaches for synthesizing hierarchically porous carbons normally require chemical‐ and/or template‐assisted activation techniques, which is complicate, time consuming, and not feasible for large scale production. Here, a molecular‐level design principle toward large‐scale synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus codoped hierarchically porous carbon (NPHPC) through an in situ self‐activation process is proposed. The material is fabricated based on the direct pyrolysis of a well‐designed polymer, melamine polyphosphate, which is capable of in situ self‐activation to generate large specific surface area (1479 m² g^?1) and hierarchical pores in the final NPHPC. As an anode material for LIB, NPHPC delivers a high reversible capacity of 1073 mAh g^?1 and an excellent cyclic stability for 300 cycles with negligible capacity decay. The peculiar structural properties and synergistic effect of N and P codopants also enable NPHPC a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction, a key cathodic reaction process of many energy conversion devices (for example, fuel cells and metal air batteries). Electrochemical measurements show NPHPC a comparable electrocatalytic performance to commercial Pt/C catalyst (onset potential of 0.88 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in alkaline medium) with excellent stability (89.8% retention after 20 000 s continuous operation) and superior methanol tolerance.     

Water-Soluble,Alanine-Modified Fullerene C60 Promotes the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells

As carbon-based nanomaterials, water-soluble C₆₀ derivatives have potential applications in various fields of biomedicine. In this study, a water-soluble fullerene C₆₀ derivative bearing alanine residues (Ala-C₆₀) was synthesized. The effects of Ala-C₆₀ on neural stem cells (NSCs) as seed cells were explored. Ala-C₆₀ can promote the proliferation of NSCs, induce NSCs to differentiate into neurons, and inhibit the migration of NSCs. Most importantly, the Ala-C₆₀ can significantly increase the cell viability of NSCs treated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) content increased significantly in NSCs treated even by 20 μM Ala-C₆₀. These findings strongly indicate that Ala-C₆₀ has high potential to be applied as a scaffold with NSCs for regeneration in nerve tissue engineering for diseases related to the nervous system.     

Highly Electrochemically‐Reversible Mesoporous Na2FePO4F/C as Cathode Material for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

As promising cathode materials, iron‐based phosphate compounds have attracted wide attention for sodium‐ion batteries due to their low cost and safety. Among them, sodium iron fluorophosphate (Na₂FePO₄F) is widely noted due to its layered structure and high operating voltage compared with NaFePO₄. Here, a mesoporous Na₂FePO₄F@C (M‐NFPF@C) composite derived from mesoporous FePO₄ is synthesized through a facile ball‐milling combined calcination method. Benefiting from the mesoporous structure and highly conductive carbon, the M‐NFPF@C material exhibits a high reversible capacity of 114 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate capability (42 mAh g^?1 at 10 C), and good cycling performance (55% retention after 600 cycles at 5 C). The high plateau capacity obtained (>90% of total capacity) not only shows high electrochemical reversibility of the as‐prepared M‐NFPF@C but also provides high energy density, which mainly originates from its mesoporous structure derived from the mesoporous FePO₄ precursor. The M‐NFPF@C serves as a promising cathode material with high performance and low cost for sodium‐ion batteries.     

酚醛树脂丙烯酸酯季铵盐感光性能的研究

通过凝胶生成率的测定,研究了紫外光引发剂：安息香（NB）、安息香乙醚（BE）、2,2－二乙氧基苯乙酮（DEAP）、二苯甲酮（BP）、2－丙基硫杂蒽酮（ITX）;交联型稀释性单体：二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（DEDA）三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（TEDA）、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（DEDMA）、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（TEDMA）、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯（TMPTA）、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯（TMPTMA）;胺增效剂：乙基－4（二甲基氨基）苯甲酸酯（DEAB）等对水溶性酚醛树脂丙烯酸酯季铵盐（PreP)感光性能的影响。结果表明,ITX的光引发效率最高;交联型黧性单体中活性基团越多,反应活性越高,分子量越大,反应活性越差;二乙醇类与PreP的相容性比三羟甲基烃类的要好;胺增效剂能提高ITX的引发效率;PreP/DEDA=1/0.6(g/g),ITX为0.025mmol/g,DEAB为感光组分的2％,曝光60s,凝胶生成率可达到67.6%,延长曝光时间凝胶生成率增加。     

新型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚乳液及其表面性能研究

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、全氟辛基磺酸钾(FC-80)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)为混合乳化剂,制备了一系列不同含氟量的含氟丙烯酸酯(FA)-丙烯酸丁酯(BA)共聚乳液,系统研究了不同反应条件对于乳液共聚的动力学影响,利用红外光谱和核磁共振波谱确认了共聚物的分子结构,利用接触角的测定研究了共聚物膜表面的性能.结果...     

Fatigue Failure Process Characterization for Carbon Fiber Sheet Reinforced Steel Rods Using the Acoustic Emission Technique

Acoustic emission (AE) technique is a widely used CM technique. In this paper, AE technique was used to characterize the fatigue failure process for carbon fiber sheet (CFS) reinforced steel rod. The AE signals at the frequency band of 50–400 kHz are detected by using AE sensors mounted on the steel rod and analyzed by both parameter analysis and spectrum analysis in order to investigate the feasibility of using the AE technique to identify various failure modes during fatigue failure process for CFS reinforced steel rods. Tension-tension fatigue experiments were carried out on both CFS reinforced and unreinforced steel rods. Based on AE energy parameter analysis using wavelet decomposition method, failure process was initially divided into three stages for unreinforced specimen and seven stages for CFS reinforced specimen. The frequency contents within the frequency band of 50–400 kHz for various failure modes in each stage including crack initiation, developing, final rupture in steel rod and matrix crack, debonding in CFS were revealed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. Further wavelet transform (WT) analysis was performed to illustrate the sequences of the failure modes and main failure mode in each stage by the occurrence time and longest duration time, respectively. This work indicates that the proposed method is promising for distinguishing failure stages qualitatively and identifying failure modes quantitatively in CFS reinforced steel rods.     

超支化共聚物合成方法及结构测试分析

用固定化酶 Novozyme435（NV435）催化2,2二羟甲基丁酸（2,2－bis（hydroxymethyl）butyric acid）与己内酯（CL）开环缩聚得到端基中一端带有一个羧基,另一端带有多个羟基的超支化共聚酯。用α－溴代丙酰溴对超支化聚酯进行端基官能化形成超枝化大分子引发剂,在 CuCl ／bpy 体系中引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）进行原子转移自由基聚合反应（ATRP）,得到超支化共聚酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（P（BHB －CL）－PMMA）。     

Comparison of the effects of Mg–6Zn and titanium on intestinal tract in vivo

To evaluate the ability of Mg–6Zn to replace titanium nails in the reconstruction of the intestinal tract in general surgery, we compared the Mg–6Zn and titanium implants with respect to their effects on rat’s intestinal tract by biochemical, radiological, pathological and immunohistochemical methods. The results indicated that Mg–6Zn implants started to degrade at the third week and disintegrate at the fourth week. No bubbles appeared, which may be associated with intestinal absorption of the Mg–6Zn implants. Pathological analyses (containing liver, kidney and cecum tissues) and biochemical measurements, including serum magnesium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glutamic–pyruvic–transaminase and glutamic–oxaloacetic–transaminase proved that degradation of Mg–6Zn did not harm the important organs, which is an improvement over titanium implants. Immunohistochemical results showed that Mg–6Zn could enhance the expression of transforming growth factor-β₁. Mg–6Zn reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor at different stages. In general, our study demonstrates that the Mg–6Zn alloy had good biocompatibility in vivo and performed better than titanium at promoting healing and reducing inflammation. It may be a promising candidate for stapler pins in intestinal reconstruction.     

NMOB与花生酸的组装多层膜及其非线性光学性质

利用与花生酸交替的方法，制备了2－硝基－5（N－甲基－N－十八烷基）氨基苯甲酸（NMOB）非中心对称多层膜，研究了它的非线性光学性质，结果表明，该多层膜的二次谐波强度与NMOB层数平方基本成正比。X－射线小角衍射测定结果再次表明，多层膜的排列相当有序，NMOB单层膜厚度为2．76nm.NMOB有良好的二阶非线性光学性质和出色的成膜性质，是一种很好的非线光学LB膜材料，可望用于制作光波导。     

单相电容启动异步电动机节能问题研究

针对单相电容启动异步电动机运行时功率因数比较低的问题,提出电动机启动并转入运行时,在其主绕组并联适当的电容器的方法,减少或省去电源对电动机提供无功电流,以减少线路损耗,提高电源功率因数,提高电源设备容量的利用率。