世界著名植物园之旅：波茨坦大学植物园

波茨坦大学植物园创建于1950年,总面积5公顷,由展览温室和绿地构成,收集保存植物物种9000种。园内绿地是依生态、分类、形态观赏与植物地理分布而设置布局的,搜集有3800种不同的植物,仅在植物生长期开放。贯通植物园的林荫大道将绿地分为两大块:路南是生物学形态观赏区、经济作物、保健香料作物、濒危保护植物、报春花属与蕨类植物、树木园和中欧照叶林等专类园;路北为分类园、     

多桩型复合地基承载力计算方法研究

在对已有多桩型复合地基承载力计算方法进行充分研究的基础上,考虑多桩型复合地基受荷荷后的实际工作性状和施工方法对桩间土承载力的综合影响,引入主控桩、辅桩和桩间土承载力发挥系数及桩间土承载力提高系数,提出了多桩型复合地基承载力分步计算新方法。实例验证表明,复合地基承载力计算值与载荷试验实测值基本吻合。     

泉州金交椅山窑址博物馆设计构想

在现代建筑设计中如何充分表现地域文化是建筑学界普遍关注的问题,建筑的类设计方法提出了建构传统建筑延续与现代建筑创新的新思路。在泉州金交椅山窑址博物馆的建筑设计中,设计人员以类设计模式为指导的设计构想,在总体布局上力求建筑之形依托山体之势,在单体设计上促使当代技术再现地域文化,以具体的建筑设计实例印证类设计方法在公共建筑设计中的运用是行之有效的。     

有限元方法在基础沉降计算中的应用及实例

用有限元方法和理论模型,研究高层及多层建筑的天然地基沉降计算值与分层总和法及实际沉降值的差别。《建筑地基基础规范》(GB50007—2002)推荐使用分层总和法计算地基沉降,并用沉降计算经验系数加以修正,取得较好的结果。用有限元方法计算的地基沉降值与分层总和法的结果比较,能够取得同样良好的结果。有限元方法更适合计算机使用,能得到复杂条件下地基沉降计算值以及地基土的实际应力分布。     

混凝土多孔砖砌体弯曲抗拉强度试验研究

通过试验研究了混凝土多孔砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度。试验和分析研究表明:混凝土多孔砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度试验平均值要低于粘土实心砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度平均值,但要高于混凝土空心砌块砌体。还提出了混凝土多孔砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度计算公式并通过对试验结果的线性回归分析确定了公式中的系数。     

Aluminum alloy tubular columns—Part I: Finite element modeling and test verification

A numerical investigation on fixed-ended aluminum alloy tubular columns of square and rectangular hollow sections is described in this paper. The fixed-ended column tests were conducted that included columns with both ends transversely welded to aluminum end plates using the tungsten inert gas welding method, and columns without welding of end plates. The specimens were extruded from aluminum alloy of 6061-T6 and 6063-T5. The failure modes included local buckling, flexural buckling, interaction of local and flexural buckling, as well as failure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). An accurate finite element model (FEM) was developed. The initial local and overall geometric imperfections were incorporated in the model. The non-welded and welded material nonlinearities were considered in the analysis. The welded columns were modeled having different HAZ extension at the ends of the column of 25 and 30 mm. The nonlinear FEM was verified against experimental results. It is shown that the calibrated model provides accurate predictions of the experimental loads and failure modes of the tested columns. The load-shortening curves predicted by the finite element analysis are also compared with the test results.     

A GREEN METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM(VI) AND IRON(III) IN WATER BY SEQUENTIAL INJECTION ANALYSIS AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION

In this article, an organic-reagent-free method was described for the determination of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) by double-system double-wavelength sequential injection technique with a single sample injection. In this approach, the determination of Cr(VI) was based on the detection of a blue unstable intermediate compound resulting from the reaction of Cr(VI) with hydrogen peroxide, and the determination of Fe(III) was based on the color reaction of Fe(III) with thiocyanate in acidic medium. Sequential injection analysis (SIA) parameters, including spacer solution volume, aspiration order, aspiration volumes, flow rate, acid medium, solution acidity, and reagent concentrations, were optimized. The linear range for the determination was 3.0–60.0 μg mL^?1 for Cr(VI) and 1.0–40.0 μg mL^?1 for Fe(III), respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.6 μg mL^?1 for Cr(VI) and 0.2 μg mL^?1 for Fe(III), and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 2.0 μg mL^?1 for Cr(VI) and 0.67 μg mL^?1 for Fe(III). The total volume of the reagent consumed in each determination was only 0.11 mL. The proposed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) in electroplating wastewater and environmental waters. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. The recoveries were in the range of 97.5–101.1%.     

Determination of Aldehydes in Environmental Water by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography - Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization with gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry analysis is reported for the determination of aldehydes in environmental water. Hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, E-2-decanal, and E, E-2,4-decadienal were employed to develop and validate this method. The effects of relevant parameters on the quantitative extraction of these analytes in this one-step procedure were systematically investigated. The aldehydes were extracted from environmental water by a poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene fiber using o-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluoro)-benzylhydroxylamine as the derivatization reagent. Under microwave-assisted heating, the aldehydes were transferred from water by headspace solid phase microextraction. Thus, efficient extraction and derivatization were simultaneously achieved. The recovery values ranged from 72.2–96.9%, and the relative standard deviation was between 4.1–14% for the aldehydes. The detection limits were from 0.001–0.005 µg L^?1. The method was validated illustrating its potential for the analysis of environmental water while offering simplicity and rapid analysis.     

Determination of Thiophanate-Methyl and Carbendazim in Rapeseed by Solid–Phase Extraction and Ultra–High Performance Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection

A rapid and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method using a photodiode array detector with QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) sample preparation was developed to determine thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in rapeseed. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with a mixture of NaCl and anhydrous MgSO₄. The cleanup step was performed using dispersive solid-phase extraction with anhydrous MgSO₄ and primary secondary amine. This step was repeated to improve the results. The limits of detection and quantification of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in rapeseed were 15 and 50 μg kg^?1, respectively. The recoveries of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim were from 77.44–100.9%, with relative standard deviations between 2.20% and 6.62%. The method was employed to determine thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in rapeseed. This study has established a novel method and a safety evaluation system for the analytes in rapeseed.     

励磁系统参数对发电机组力矩特性的影响

为分析励磁系统参数对柴油发电机组力矩特性的影响,采用偏差化和线性化的方法,推导了柴油发电机组动态线性化方程,得到了体现其性能的同步力矩和阻尼力矩表达式,分析了同步力矩和阻尼力矩与线性化方程各参数以及励磁系统参数之间的关系,并结合具体发电机组参数,进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明：感性负载较强时,励磁系统参数对同步力矩影响较大;稳态运行时,励磁系统参数对阻尼力矩影响较大。