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排序方式: 共有1064条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Ari Hamdani Tomonori Ihara Nobuyoshi Tsuzuki Hiroshige Kikura 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2016,30(9):3897-3905
Two-phase air-water bubbly swirling flow through a pipe is a complex turbulent flow and its prediction is still challenging. The present paper describes the experimental investigation of the air-water bubbly swirling flow in vertical co-current flow. Swirling flow is induced by a twisted tape in a 20 mm inner diameter pipe. The flow is investigated using Ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP), which allows the measurement of liquid and gas velocities simultaneously. Furthermore, simultaneous measurement of void fraction is performed using Wire mesh sensor (WMS). The experimental results reveal that swirling flow has significant impact on bubbles’ distribution. In low liquid flow rate, the average bubble velocity is fairly uniform along the radial position and void fraction increases in the near wall region. However, increasing liquid flow rate at constant gas flow rate leads to increase in void fraction in the core region, this is mainly due to drift velocity which is affected by centrifugal force. Experimental findings and parametric trends based on the effects of swirling flow are summarized and discussed. 相似文献
62.
Poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) (PPS) nanofibers are prepared by irradiating a PPS fiber with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser while drawing it at supersonic speeds. A supersonic jet is generated by blowing air into a vacuum chamber through the fiber injection orifice. Nanofibers obtained at a laser power of 30 W and chamber pressure of 10 kPa exhibit an average diameter of 600 nm and a draw ratio of 110,000. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses are employed to investigate the relationships among the chamber pressure, fiber morphology, and crystallization behavior. The nanofibers exhibit two melting temperatures (Tm): approximately 280°C and 320°C. The endothermic peak at Tm = 280°C is ascribable to lamellar crystals and that at Tm = 320°C to the highly complete crystals, since the polymer molecular chain is highly oriented. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40922. 相似文献
63.
Akon Higuchi Qing-Dong Ling S. Suresh Kumar Yung Chang Ta-Chun Kao Murugan A. Munusamy Abdullah A. Alarfaj Shih-Tien Hsu Akihiro Umezawa 《Progress in Polymer Science》2014
The physical and chemical characteristics of biomaterial surface and hydrogels can be altered by external stimuli, such as light irradiation, temperature changes, pH shifts, shear stress forces, electrical forces, and the addition of small chemical molecules. Such external stimulus-responsive biomaterials represent promising candidates that have been developed for the culture and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and adult stem cells. Biomaterials that are designed to respond in a reversible manner to specific external signals can be formed on micropatterned or non-micropatterned surface, in hydrogels, or on microcarriers. Stem cells and the cells differentiated from them into specific tissue lineages can be cultured and/or differentiated on dishes with immobilized external stimulus-responsive polymers. Cells can be detached from these dishes without using an enzymatic digestion method or a mechanical method when the appropriate external stimulus is generated on the surface. This review discusses the polymers and polymeric designs employed to produce surface and hydrogels for stem cell culture, differentiation, and/or cell detachment using various external stimuli. 相似文献
64.
Kazuhiro Nagao Akira Koshino Akane Sugimura-Nagata Aya Nagano Masayuki Komura Akane Ueki Masahide Ebi Naotaka Ogasawara Toyonori Tsuzuki Kenji Kasai Satoru Takahashi Kunio Kasugai Shingo Inaguma 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(6)
p53 immunohistochemistry is considered an accurate surrogate marker reflecting the underlying TP53 mutation status and has utility in tumor diagnostics. In the present study, 269 primary CRCs were immunohistochemically evaluated for p53 expression to assess its utility in diagnostic pathology and prognostication. p53 expression was wild-type in 59 cases (23%), overexpressed in 143 cases (55%), completely lost in 50 cases (19%), and cytoplasmic in 10 cases (4%). p53 immunoreactivity was associated with tumor size (p = 0.0056), mucus production (p = 0.0015), and mismatch repair (MMR) system status (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, among CRCs with wild-type p53 expression, a significantly higher number of cases had decreased CDX2 than those with p53 overexpression (p = 0.012) or complete p53 loss (p = 0.043). In contrast, among CRCs with p53 overexpression, there were significantly fewer ALCAM-positive cases than p53 wild-type cases (p = 0.0045). However, no significant association was detected between p53 immunoreactivity and the “stem-like” immunophenotype defined by CDX2 downregulation and ALCAM-positivity. Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis identified tubular-forming histology (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.17, p < 0.0001), younger age (HR = 0.52, p = 0.021), and female sex (HR = 0.55, p = 0.046) as potential favorable factors. The analysis also revealed complete p53 loss (HR = 2.16, p = 0.0087), incomplete resection (HR = 2.65, p = 0.0068), and peritoneal metastasis (HR = 5.32, p < 0.0001) as potential independent risk factors for patients with CRC. The sub-cohort survival analyses classified according to chemotherapy after surgery revealed that CRC patients with wild-type p53 expression tended to have better survival than those with overexpression or complete loss after chemotherapy. Thus, immunohistochemistry for p53 could be used for the prognostication and chemotherapy target selection of patients with CRC. 相似文献
65.
Naoki Motomura Yuto Yamazaki Daiki Koga Shogo Harashima Xin Gao Yuta Tezuka Kei Omata Yoshikiyo Ono Ryo Morimoto Fumitoshi Satoh Yasuhiro Nakamura Go Eun Kwon Man Ho Choi Akihiro Ito Hironobu Sasano 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(4)
Cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA) is composed of clear and compact cells. Clear cells are lipid abundant, and compact ones lipid poor but associated with higher production of steroid hormones. PRKACA mutation (PRKACA mt) in CPA patients was reported to be associated with more pronounced clinical manifestation of Cushing’s syndrome. In this study, we examined the association of histological features and genotypes with cholesterol uptake receptors and synthetic enzymes in 40 CPA cases, and with the quantitative results obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in 33 cases to explore their biological and clinical significance. Both cholesterol uptake receptors and synthetic enzymes were more abundant in compact cells. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that the percentage of compact cells was inversely correlated with the concentrations of cholesterol and cholesterol esters, and positively with the activity of cholesterol biosynthesis from cholesterol esters. In addition, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which catalyzes cholesterol biosynthesis from cholesterol esters, tended to be more abundant in compact cells of PRKACA mt CPAs. These results demonstrated that both cholesterol uptake and biosynthesis were more pronounced in compact cells in CPA. In addition, more pronounced HSL expression in compact cells of PRKACA mt CPA could contribute to their more pronounced clinical manifestation. 相似文献
66.
Sachiko Kaidzu Tsutomu Okuno Masaki Tanito Akihiro Ohira 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
The effects of visible light, from short to long wavelengths, on the retina were investigated functionally and histologically. The left eyes of Sprague–Dawley albino rats (6-weeks old, n = 6 for each wavelength) were exposed to seven narrow-band wavelengths (central wavelengths, 421, 441, 459, 501, 541, 581, and 615 nm) with bandwidths of 16 to 29 nm (half bandwidth, ±8–14.5 nm) using a xenon lamp source with bandpass filters at the retinal radiant exposures of 340 and 680 J/cm2. The right unexposed eyes served as controls. Seven days after exposure, flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was measured. Compared to the unexposed eyes, significant reductions in the a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes were seen in eyes exposed to 460-nm or shorter wavelengths of light. The ONL thickness near the optic nerve head also tended to decrease with exposure to shorter wavelengths. The decreased ERG amplitudes and ONL thicknesses were most prominent in eyes exposed to 420-nm light at both radiant exposures. When the wavelengths were the same, the higher the amount of radiant exposure and the stronger the damage. Compared to the unexposed eyes, the a- and b-waves did not decrease significantly in eyes exposed to 500-nm or longer wavelength light. The results indicate that the retinal damage induced by visible light observed in albino rats depends on the wavelength and energy level of the exposed light. 相似文献
67.
Lei Pan Ming-yang Yang Shouta Murae Wataru Sato Naoto Shimohara Akihiro Yamagata 《风机技术》2021,(3):46-55
With the increasing demand of turbochargers with high performance and low turbo lag, high cycle fatigue (HCF) of radial turbine blades has become the most commo... 相似文献
68.
AbstractA method for low-temperature drying with high drying rate was developed for heat-sensitive foods and agricultural products. A freezing pretreatment was combined with fluidized bed drying under reduced pressure. Cylindrical carrot samples were frozen and then placed without thawing in a fluidized bed of hygroscopic porous silica gel particles that adsorbed water from the sample during the drying process. The effects of the freezing pretreatment and hygroscopicity of fluidizing particles on the drying characteristics of carrots were examined. A higher drying rate was achieved when carrots samples were subjected to freezing pretreatment than without it. At 12?kPa, the volume change was smaller in carrots subjected to freezing pretreatment than in untreated samples. A larger amount of water was absorbed during rehydration by carrots dried at 12?kPa than at 101?kPa within 120?min. The properties of dried carrots were affected not only by freezing pretreatment but also by the pressure applied during the drying process. 相似文献
69.
Prevaporation through the PVA membrame containing β-cyclodextrin oligomer (PVA/CD membrane) was performed for the mixtures of water/ethanol, water/1-propanol, and water/2-propanol. At higher alcohol concentrations, the water selectivities were greatly increased by CD for all the mixtures, in the order of 2-propanol/water>1-propanol/water>ethanol/water. The water permeation rate was decreased by CD, and the alcohol permeation rate was decreased much more for each mixture. At lower alcohol concentrations, the water selectivity for 1-propanol/water was slightly increased by CD, and that for 2-propanol/water was scarcely affeted, whereas that for ethanol/water was greatly increased. The water permeation rate was increased by CD for each mixture, and the relative increases in the water rates for propanols/water were smaller than that for ethanol/water. The permeation rate of 1-propanol as well as that of ethanol was decreased by CD, but the rate of 2-propanol was was increased. These effects of CD can be explained in terms of the inclusion strength. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
70.
To elucidate the absorption characteristics of dietary lipids in the human intestine, we investigated the cellular uptake
of lipid metabolites using a differential monolayer of the Caco2 cells. As lipid metabolites, several free fatty acids and
2-monoacylglycerols, were formed a mixed micelle by bile salts and lysophospholipids and they were supplied to the Caco2 cells.
To estimate the effect of the mixed micelles on the permeability of cells’ membranes during incubation with the mixed micelles,
the transepitherial electrical resistance (TEER) value was monitored, and no pronounced changes of TEER was detected. This
suggested that mixed micelles did not affect their cellular properties of the barrier measured by TEER. The lipid metabolites
transferred from the mixed micelle into the Caco2 cells were determined quantitatively by an enzymatic colorimetric method
and were done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for a species of acylglycerols. These highly sensitive methods enabled us
to monitor the transepithelial transports of various kinds of non-isotope-labeled various lipid metabolites. Newly re-synthesized
triacylglycerols were accumulated in Caco2 cells after 30 min incubation with the mixed micelles, and their amounts increased
gradually for 4 h. The secretion of re-esterified triacylglycerols into a basolateral medium from the Caco2 cells began at
2 h after the mixed micelles were added to the apical medium. The intake of external lipid metabolites by the Caco2 cells
were evaluated by an initial 2-h incubation with the mixed micelles. For example, 2-monomyristin and 2-monopalmitin were more
rapidly transferred into the Caco2 cells from the mixed micelles than 2-monocaprin was. On the other hand, the absorption
rates of capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid by the cells were larger than those of stearic acid and oleic acid. It
revealed that the side-chain structure of these lipid metabolites affected their absorption by the Caco2 cells. The results
of this study suggested that the Caco2 cell monolayer could be a useful model for investigating the involvement of dietary
lipids in the transepithelial absorption in the human intestine. 相似文献