A Survey of Adult Communication Activities

The present survey investigated the communication activities of a general adult population. Particular attention was given to speaking and listening activities. The study includes a broad spectrum of occupations. Questionnaires containing a communication log were mailed to four hundred randomly selected adults in the San Diego area. (One hundred and seventy-three logs were returned.) The logs, divided into fifteen minute segments, contained the following categories: sleep, no communication, conversation, television, reading, listening, speaking. Brief definitions for each of these categories were contained in a cover letter. Results, in general, indicated: 1) that administrators, salesmen, students, teachers and professionals rank as high communicators; 2) approximately three-fourths (72.8%) of our waking time is given over to communication activities.     

Reaction kinetics between CO2 and oil-shale residual carbon. 2. Partial-pressure and catalytic-mineral effects

The partial-pressure dependence of the reaction of CO₂ with residual organic carbon in retorted Colorado oil shale has been investigated. The reaction was found to depend on the 0.2 power of P_CO2 for pressures between 20 and 100 kPa (≈0.2 to 1.0 atm). Because of this small P_CO2 dependence, the simplification of Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics proposed by Ergun should well represent the inhibition effects of CO. This result is also compared to other work on pure carbons and coal chars. The effect of various pretreatments on the reactivity of the residual carbon has been investigated. Removal of mineral matter (primarily carbonates) by leaching with hydrochloric acid reduces the reactivity of the residual carbon by more than an order of magnitude. Surface area measurements indicate that the specific surface area of the residual carbon is reduced only slightly upon acid leaching. This implies that the carbon gasification is catalysed by mineral matter in the oil shale. A decrease in the reactivity of the residual carbon is also observed upon thermal treatment. It has been shown that the major cause for the decrease is the deactivation of mineral catalytic species.     

Gas evolution during pyrolysis of various Colorado oil shales

Rates of evolution of C0₂, CO, H₂, CH₄ and the C₂ and C₃ hydrocarbons during the pyrolysis of seven Colorado oil shales have been measured. These shales, which are from various depths at two different sites, yield 34–255 ¦ of oil per tonne raw shale (9–61 US gal of oil per short ton raw shale) and linear heating at a rate of 2°C min⁻¹ was used for the retorting of all samples. The objective of the study is to monitor variations in gas evolution from shales of different organic content and from various stratigraphic and areal locations. Comparisons between shales from each site are made together with correlations with data from Fischer assays. A kerogen concentrate (mineral fraction removed by HCl-HF treatment) and retorted shale from a Fischer assay are also included. The ability of a kinetic model due to Campbell et al. to predict gas evolution is tested and it is found necessary to modify slightly some of the stoichiometric coefficients to obtain good agreement. The resultant kinetic model should adequately describe the gas and oil evolution behaviour of shale from the upper portion of the Green River formation.     

Characterization of HETEs and related conjugated dienes by UV spectroscopy

Three distinct pairs of HETEs can be distinguished on the basis of their UV spectra. We used hydroxy-linoleates (hydroxy-octadeca-cis-trans-dienoates) as a base for comparisons; both the 9- and 13-hydroxy isomers have identical chromophores with λ_max near 234 nm. The presence of a double bond three carbons removed from the conjugated diene (the chromophore of 9- and 11-HETE) causes a shift in the observed λ_max to near 235 nm. A double bond β to the chromophore (5- and 15-HETE) gives a further shift of 1.5 nm, giving a λ_max between 236–236.5 nm. With double bonds in both these positions (8- and 12-HETE), the λ_max is observed near 237 nm. It is apparent that the exact λ_max of thecis-trans diene chromophore is influenced in a consistent way by the adjacent methylene interruptedcis double bonds. hydroxylinoleate, describes the two primary products of linoleate oxygenation, more properly named 9-hydroxy-octadeca-10trans,12cis-dienoate and 13-hydroxy-octadeca-9cis,11trans-dienoate. Hydroxylinoelaidate refers to the correspondingall-trans dienes. RH-HPLC, reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography; SP-HPLC, straight-phase high pressure liquid chromatography.     

Automatic Phase Alignment for the Karhunen-Loève Expansion

A procedure for automatic phase alignment of training waveforms prior to computation of K-L basis functions is described. Two computer algorithms for accomplishing the phase alignment which have been developed and applied to electrocardiogram waveforms are discussed. One is a local maximum seeking algorithm which works well for waveforms which are already nearly aligned. The other, a global maximum seeking algorithm, has been successfully applied to highly misaligned sets of waveforms. Extension of the procedure to automatic frequency alignment is also discussed.     

Reliability of measurement and the power of statistical tests: Some new results.

The authors (see record 1979-00153-001) argued that the reliability coefficient for the dependent variable in a controlled experiment has no direct relevance for hypothesis testing. Specifically, they demonstrated that increasing the reliability coefficient for the dependent variable did not necessarily increase the power of standard statistical tests. The authors present further evidence that large reliability coefficients are not always desirable in true experiments, and replies to J. P. Sutcliffe's (see record 1980-29332-001) basic criticisms of Nicewander and Price's contentions. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Positive transfer from successive reversal training to learning set in blue jays ( Cyanocitta cristata ).

Five blue jays received 160 successive reversal training (SRT) problems and were then tested on 96 learning set (LS) problems. During LS testing, SRT birds performed at higher levels than did 5 jays that had received an equivalent amount of experience on a single problem (SP), but they performed at lower levels than did 5 jays that had received 160 previous LS problems. In addition, the SP birds performed better than did naive birds that were given LS testing directly after pretraining. Analyses of the effects of the Trial 1 outcome indicated that win-stay strategy learning may have produced the SP transfer and that lose-shift learning definitely contributed to SRT transfer. Results strongly support the conclusion that the learning of a win-stay, lose-shift response strategy underlies LS performance in blue jays. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Higher order need strengths as moderators of the job scope–job satisfaction relationship.

Questionnaire data on job characteristics, personality traits (Personality Research Form), and job satisfaction (Brayfield-Rothe Job Satisfaction Index) were obtained from 340 employees of a manufacturing organization. Moderated regression and subgroup analyses were performed to determine the extent to which 2 personality traits, need for achievement and need for autonomy, moderated the relationship between job scope and satisfaction with the work itself. The subgroup analysis showed no moderating effect for need for autonomy and moderating effects inconsistent with previous research and theory for need for achievement. Moderated regression showed no moderating effect for need for autonomy and a moderating effect of negligible practical importance for need for achievement. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conceptual system as a predisposition toward therapeutic communication.

Investigated the relationship between conceptual level and counselor trainee behavior in a counseling analog. Comparison of the verbal responses of 86 graduate student counselors, using the 6 categories of E. Amidon's counselor interaction analysis and Griffin's Counselor Verbal Response Scale, indicated differences in the response patterns of students as a function of their conceptual level. It is concluded that conceptual level may be an important variable for counselor selection and program development. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)