全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3145篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 8篇 |
化学工业 | 178篇 |
金属工艺 | 9篇 |
机械仪表 | 13篇 |
建筑科学 | 37篇 |
矿业工程 | 3篇 |
能源动力 | 11篇 |
轻工业 | 83篇 |
水利工程 | 4篇 |
石油天然气 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 54篇 |
一般工业技术 | 138篇 |
冶金工业 | 2525篇 |
原子能技术 | 9篇 |
自动化技术 | 96篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 30篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 38篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 86篇 |
1998年 | 701篇 |
1997年 | 420篇 |
1996年 | 313篇 |
1995年 | 142篇 |
1994年 | 126篇 |
1993年 | 179篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 44篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 86篇 |
1976年 | 177篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有3170条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
72.
A combined one stage anterior and posterior approach was used to excise a giant cell tumor involving the second lumbar vertebra. The tumor involved the anterior and posterior elements of the vertebra. A wide excision was feasible with immediate stabilization using the Luque instrumentation posteriorly and fibular strut grafts supporting the vertebral bodies anteriorly. The followup period was 13 years. There is no recurrence, and the patient has no symptoms of disease, and the fibular grafts are fully incorporated. 相似文献
73.
AJ Conrad EY Chiang LE Andeen C Avolio SM Walker RW Baumhefner R Mirzayan WW Tourtellotte 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,54(1-2):99-108
A method for quantitating specific anti-viral antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is established using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitated antibody levels are used to determine intrathecal specific IgG synthesis rate for the particular antibody. Measles virus was used as a model for validating this quantitative technique: a mutated form of measles virus is a cause of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and there is a possibility that measles virus is related to the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Matched serum and CSF samples were assayed. Concentration of anti-measles IgG was determined and intrathecal measles-specific IgG synthesis rate was calculated. For the SSPE samples, measles-specific IgG synthesis rate was elevated and comprised > 20% of the total intrathecal IgG synthesis rate; these results are consistent with the literature. The ELISA method can be performed routinely, providing a quick, simple, reproducible means of quantitating specific antibody concentrations, with sensitivity greater than 1 nanogram per milliliter. With this method, quantitation of IgG antibodies to any other viral antigen can be reliably and precisely determined. 相似文献
74.
VC Dias KL Madsen KE Mulder M Keelan RW Yatscoff AB Thomson 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,43(10):2227-2236
The immunosuppressive drugs rapamycin (Rap) and cyclosporine A (CsA) are used clinically to modify or abolish immune-mediated functions. This study examined the effect of orally administered regimens of Rap, CsA, and a combination of Rap/CsA on intestinal function in male New Zealand white rabbits. Animals received oral doses of CsA (15 mg/kg/body weight/day), low-dose (LD) and high-dose (HD) Rap (0.25 or 1 mg/kg/body wt/day, respectively), or Rap/CsA (0.25 and 5 mg/kg/body wt/day, or 0.5 and 5 mg/kg/body wt/day, respectively) for 20 days. We measured in vitro uptake of nutrients and permeability, and morphometric measurements in the jejunum and ileum were made. Animals receiving HD-Rap or HD-Rap/CsA had decreased food intake, body weight, and intestinal weight, when compared with LD-Rap, LD-Rap/CsA, CsA, or controls. The maximal transport rate (Vmax) for the active jejunal uptake of D-glucose was increased in HD-Rap and CsA, but not in the HD-Rap/CsA-treated animals. The jejunal Vmax of D-glucose in the LD-Rap- or -Rap/CsA-treated animals was no different from controls. In the HD-Rap- and HD-Rap/ CsA-treated animals, jejunal rates of uptake of stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were reduced when compared with controls. Jejunal and ileal permeability (as assessed by the passive uptake of L-glucose, tissue conductance, and mucosal-to-serosal flux of [3H]inulin) was increased in animals treated with HD-Rap or HD-Rap/CsA, when compared with CsA or controls. These parameters of permeability were no different at lower doses of Rap or Rap/CsA. The jejunal and ileal villous surface area was increased in CsA, but decreased in HD-Rap or HD-Rap/CsA animals. Thus, HD-Rap given alone or in combination with CsA reduced body weight gain, in part due to reduced food intake and malabsorption of lipids, which was due at least in part to reduced intestinal surface area. The relevance of these findings to patients undergoing chronic immunosuppressive drug therapy needs to be established. 相似文献
75.
76.
AI Robles ML Rodriguez-Puebla AB Glick C Trempus L Hansen P Sicinski RW Tennant RA Weinberg SH Yuspa CJ Conti 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,12(16):2469-2474
Cyclin D1 is part of a cell cycle control node consistently deregulated in most human cancers. However, studies with cyclin D1-null mice indicate that it is dispensable for normal mouse development as well as cell growth in culture. Here, we provide evidence that ras-mediated tumorigenesis depends on signaling pathways that act preferentially through cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 expression and the activity of its associated kinase are up-regulated in keratinocytes in response to oncogenic ras. Furthermore, cyclin D1 deficiency results in up to an 80% decrease in the development of squamous tumors generated through either grafting of retroviral ras-transduced keratinocytes, phorbol ester treatment of ras transgenic mice, or two-stage carcinogenesis. 相似文献
77.
Lisa Goedtke Heike Sprenger Ute Hofmann Felix F. Schmidt Helen S. Hammer Ulrich M. Zanger Oliver Poetz Albrecht Seidel Albert Braeuning Stefanie Hessel-Pras 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter. They induce their own metabolism by upregulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A1 (CYP1A1) by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). However, previous studies showed that individual PAHs may also interact with the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Here, we studied ten PAHs, different in carcinogenicity classification, for their potential to activate AHR- and CAR-dependent luciferase reporter genes in human liver cells. The majority of investigated PAHs activated AHR, while non-carcinogenic PAHs tended to activate CAR. We further characterized gene expression, protein abundancies and activities of the AHR targets CYP1A1 and 1A2, and the CAR target CYP2B6 in human HepaRG hepatoma cells. Enzyme induction patterns strongly resembled the profiles obtained at the receptor level, with AHR-activating PAHs inducing CYP1A1/1A2 and CAR-activating PAHs inducing CYP2B6. In summary, this study provides evidence that beside well-known activation of AHR, some PAHs also activate CAR, followed by subsequent expression of respective target genes. Furthermore, we found that an increased PAH ring number is associated with AHR activation as well as the induction of DNA double-strand breaks, whereas smaller PAHs activated CAR but showed no DNA-damaging potential. 相似文献
78.
79.
Crystal structure of TNF-alpha mutant R31D with greater affinity for receptor R1 compared with R2 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Reed C; Fu ZQ; Wu J; Xue YN; Harrison RW; Chen MJ; Weber IT 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1997,10(10):1101-1107
Crystal structures have been determined of recombinant human tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its R31D mutant that preferentially binds to
TNF receptor R1 with more than seven times the relative affinity of binding
to receptor R2. Crystals of the wild-type TNF were of space group
P4(1)2(1)2 and had unit cell dimensions of a = b = 94.7 and c = 117.4 A.
Refinement of the structure gave an R-factor of 22.3% at 2.5 A resolution.
The crystals of TNF R31D mutant diffracted to 2.3 A resolution, and were of
identical space group to the wild type with unit cell dimensions of a = b =
95.4 and c = 116.2 A, and the structure was refined to an R-factor of
21.8%. The trimer structures of the wild-type and mutant TNF were similar
with a root mean square (r.m.s.) deviation of 0.56 A for Calpha atoms;
however, the subunits within each trimer were more variable with an average
r.m.s. deviation of 1.00 A on Calpha atoms for pairwise comparison of
subunits. Model complexes of TNF with receptors R1 and R2 have been used to
predict TNF-receptor interactions. Arg31 in all three subunits of wild-type
TNF is predicted to form an ionic interaction with the equivalent glutamic
acid in both receptors R1 and R2. Asp31 of the TNF R31D mutant is predicted
to interact differently with the two receptors. The side chain of Asp31 in
two subunits of the TNF mutant is predicted to form hydrogen bond
interactions with Ser59 or Cys70 of R1, while it has no predicted
interactions with R2. The loss of three strong ionic interactions of Arg31
and the electrostatic repulsion of Asp31 with Glu in the receptors is
consistent with the reduced binding of the R31D mutant to both receptors
relative to wild-type TNF. The replacement of these ionic interactions by
two weaker hydrogen bond interactions between Asp31 of the R31D mutant and
R1, compared with no interactions with R2, is in agreement with the
observed preferential binding of the R31D mutant to R1 over R2. Analysis of
the structure and function of receptor-discriminating mutants of TNF will
help understand the biological role of TNF and facilitate its use as an
antitumor agent.
相似文献
80.