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141.
The probabilistic visual tracking methods using color histograms have been proven to be robust to target model variations and background illumination changes as shown by the recent research. However, the required computational cost is high due to intensive image data processing. The embedded solution of such algorithms become challenging due to high computational power demand and algorithm complexity. This paper presents a hardware/software co-design architecture for implementation of the well-known kernel based mean shift tracking algorithm. The design uses color histogram of the target as tracking feature. The target is searched in the consecutive images by maximizing the statistical match of the color distributions. The target localization is based on gradient based iterative search instead of exhaustive search which makes the system capable of achieving frame rate up to hundreds of frames per second while tracking multiple targets. The design, which is fully standalone, is implemented on a low-cost medium-size field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The hardware cost of the design is compared with some other tracking systems. The performance of the system in terms of speed is evaluated and compared with the software based implementation. It is expected that the proposed solution will find its utility in applications like embedded automatic video surveillance systems. 相似文献
142.
Feng Feng Changxing Li B. Davvaz M. Irfan Ali 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2010,14(9):899-911
Theories of fuzzy sets and rough sets are powerful mathematical tools for modelling various types of uncertainty. Dubois and
Prade investigated the problem of combining fuzzy sets with rough sets. Soft set theory was proposed by Molodtsov as a general
framework for reasoning about vague concepts. The present paper is devoted to a possible fusion of these distinct but closely
related soft computing approaches. Based on a Pawlak approximation space, the approximation of a soft set is proposed to obtain
a hybrid model called rough soft sets. Alternatively, a soft set instead of an equivalence relation can be used to granulate
the universe. This leads to a deviation of Pawlak approximation space called a soft approximation space, in which soft rough
approximations and soft rough sets can be introduced accordingly. Furthermore, we also consider approximation of a fuzzy set
in a soft approximation space, and initiate a concept called soft–rough fuzzy sets, which extends Dubois and Prade’s rough
fuzzy sets. Further research will be needed to establish whether the notions put forth in this paper may lead to a fruitful
theory. 相似文献
143.
Mobility path information of cell phone users play a crucial role in a wide range of cell phone applications, including context based search and advertising, early warning systems, city-wide sensing applications such as air pollution exposure estimation and traffic planning. However, there is a disconnect between the low level location data logs available from the cell phones and the high level mobility path information required to support these cell phone applications. In this paper, we present formal definitions to capture the cell phone users’ mobility patterns and profiles, and provide a complete framework, Mobility Profiler, for discovering mobile cell phone user profiles starting from cell based location data. We use real-world cell phone log data (of over 350 K h of coverage) to demonstrate our framework and perform experiments for discovering frequent mobility patterns and profiles. Our analysis of mobility profiles of cell phone users expose a significant long tail in a user’s location-time distribution: A total of 15% of a cell phone user’s time is spent on average in locations that each appears with less than 1% of total time. 相似文献
144.
Ali Fouad Keith Phalp John Mathenge Kanyaru Sheridan Jeary 《Software Quality Journal》2011,19(2):411-430
Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) brings benefits to software development, among them the potential for connecting software
models with the business domain. This paper focuses on the upstream or Computation-Independent Model (CIM) phase of MDA. Our contention is that, whilst there are many models and notations available
within the CIM phase, those that are currently popular and supported by the Object Management Group (OMG) may not be the most
useful notations for business analysts nor sufficient to fully support software requirements and specification. Therefore,
with specific emphasis on the value of the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) for business analysts, this paper provides
an example of a typical CIM approach before describing an approach that incorporates specific requirements techniques. A framework
extension to MDA is then introduced, which embeds requirements and specification within the CIM, thus further enhancing the
utility of MDA by providing a more complete method for business analysis. 相似文献
145.
Packages are important high-level organizational units for large object-oriented systems. Package-level metrics characterize the attributes of packages such as size, complexity, and coupling. There is a need for empirical evidence to support the collection of these metrics and using them as early indicators of some important external software quality attributes. In this paper, three suites of package-level metrics (Martin, MOOD and CK) are evaluated and compared empirically in predicting the number of pre-release faults and the number of post-release faults in packages. Eclipse, one of the largest open source systems, is used as a case study. The results indicate that the prediction models that are based on Martin suite are more accurate than those that are based on MOOD and CK suites across releases of Eclipse. 相似文献
146.
In this paper, a new algorithm for solving constrained nonlinear programming problems is presented. The basis of our proposed algorithm is none other than the necessary and sufficient conditions that one deals within a discrete constrained local optimum in the context of the discrete Lagrange multipliers theory. We adopt a revised particle swarm optimization algorithm and extend it toward solving nonlinear programming problems with continuous decision variables. To measure the merits of our algorithm, we provide numerical experiments for several renowned benchmark problems and compare the outcome against the best results reported in the literature. The empirical assessments demonstrate that our algorithm is efficient and robust. 相似文献
147.
Recovery of sensor embedded washing machines using a multi-kanban controlled disassembly line 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Product recovery involves the recovery of materials and components from returned or end-of-life products. Disassembly, an element of product recovery, is the systematic separation of an assembly into its components, subassemblies or other groupings. Stricter environmental regulations together with dramatic decrease in natural resources and landfills have increased the importance of disassembly as all product recovery options require some level of disassembly. Due to changes made during the lifetime of a product by customers or service personnel, the number and the version of components prior to disassembly is unknown. Customers may also discriminate between and demand different versions of components. The existence of non-functional components further adds to the uncertainty associated with disassembly yield. Sensors implanted into products during their production can address this uncertainty by providing information on the number, condition and version of components prior to disassembly. In this study, we evaluate the impact of sensor embedded products (SEPs) on the various performance measures of a washing machine (WM) disassembly line controlled by a multi-kanban system, which takes into consideration the highly stochastic behavior of the line while managing material and kanban flows. First, separate design of experiments studies based on orthogonal arrays are performed for conventional products and SEPs. In order to observe the response of each experiment, detailed discrete event simulation (DES) models for both types of products are developed considering the precedence relationships among the components of a WM. Then, pair-wise t-tests are conducted to compare the two cases based on different performance measures. According to the results, SEPs provide significant reductions in all costs (viz., backorder, holding, disassembly, disposal, testing and transportation) while increasing revenue and profit. 相似文献
148.
Syed M. Usman Ali Zafar Hussain Ibupoto Salah Salman Omer Nur Magnus Willander Bengt DanielssonAuthor vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,160(1):637
Well-aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays were fabricated on gold-coated plastic substrates using a low-temperature aqueous chemical growth (ACG) method. The ZnO nanowire arrays with 50–130 nm diameters and ∼1 μm in lengths were used in an enzyme-based urea sensor through immobilization of the enzyme urease that was found to be sensitive to urea concentrations from 0.1 mM to 100 mM. Two linear sensitivity regions were observed when the electrochemical responses (EMF) of the sensors were plotted vs. the logarithmic concentration range of urea from 0.1 mM to 100 mM. The proposed sensor showed a sensitivity of 52.8 mV/decade for 0.1–40 mM urea and a fast response time less than 4 s was achieved with good selectivity, reproducibility and negligible response to common interferents such as ascorbic acid and uric acid, glucose, K+ and Na+ ions. 相似文献
149.
Detecting and tracking ground targets is crucial in military intelligence in battlefield surveillance. Once targets have been detected, the system used can proceed to track them where tracking can be done using Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) type indicators that can observe objects moving in the area of interest. However, when targets move close to each other in formation as a convoy, then the problem of assigning measurements to targets has to be addressed first, as it is an important step in target tracking. With the increasing computational power, it became possible to use more complex association logic in tracking algorithms. Although its optimal solution can be proved to be an NP hard problem, the multidimensional assignment enjoyed a renewed interest mostly due to Lagrangian relaxation approaches to its solution. Recently, it has been reported that randomized heuristic approaches surpassed the performance of Lagrangian relaxation algorithm especially in dense problems. In this paper, impelled from the success of randomized heuristic methods, we investigate a different stochastic approach, namely, the biologically inspired ant colony optimization to solve the NP hard multidimensional assignment problem for tracking multiple ground targets. 相似文献
150.
This paper presents a new hybrid optimization approach based on immune algorithm and hill climbing local search algorithm. The purpose of the present research is to develop a new optimization approach for solving design and manufacturing optimization problems. This research is the first application of immune algorithm to the optimization of machining parameters in the literature. In order to evaluate the proposed optimization approach, single objective test problem, multi-objective I-beam and machine-tool optimization problems taken from the literature are solved. Finally, the hybrid approach is applied to a case study for milling operations to show its effectiveness in machining operations. The results of the hybrid approach for the case study are compared with those of genetic algorithm, the feasible direction method and handbook recommendation. 相似文献